Interdependence

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Interdependence is mutual dependency between two or more groups. This concept differs from dependence in dependent relationships, in which some members are dependent and some are not. There are different levels of interdependence.

In interdependent relationships, participants may be emotionally, economically, ecologically or morally dependent and accountable to one another. Interdependent relationships can exist between two or more cooperative autonomous participants (eg co-op). Some people advocate freedom or freedom as the highest good; others do the same thing with devotion to one family, community, or community. Interdependence can be the meeting point between these aspirations.

Video Interdependence

History of interdependence of nations

Authors and leaders have written and talked about interdependence throughout history, including Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Stephen Covey. Karl Marx first used the term interdependence in the Communist Manifesto (1848) in describing the universal interdependence of nations compared with independent isolation and long-term local and national independence.

The various classical civilizations over the centuries formed a large trading network with each other. The exchange of goods and ideas occurred since the early Indian Empire in the Indus River, all the way up to the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean.

Today, international interdependence is often said to be strong and increasing. International trade is considered an indicator of interdependence, and is high and, with some interruptions, rapidly growing values â€‹â€‹are accepted as evidence of increasing interdependence. Between 1820 and 1992, world population increased 5-fold, earnings per head 8-fold, 40-fold world income, and world trade 540-fold. Sometimes international financial flows are taken as a measure of interdependence.

Maps Interdependence

Measuring international interdependence

International disintegration is entirely consistent with a high degree of international interdependence. For interdependence exists when one country with unilateral action can harm (or benefit to) another country. Competitive protection, devaluation, deflation, or air and sea pollution beyond the national borders are examples.

Interdependence is measured by the cost of disconnecting (or the benefits of its development). The higher the cost to one country, the greater the degree of dependence of the country. If a small country benefits more from an international division of labor than a big country, its dependence is greater. If both partners make transactions must incur high costs from terminating economic relations, there will be interdependence.

What is COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE? What does COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE ...

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The role of interdependence in feminist philosophy

In an ethical approach to care for morality, Nel Noddings emphasizes human interdependence. He sees it as a hidden fact that is not often seen or discussed in a male-dominated, justice-based, ethical approach based on judgment. Carol Gilligan is an early proponent of the view that interdependence, not rule, underlies the basis of morality.

We're Dependent on Interdependence! - ppt download

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Interdependencies in organizational structure

There is the view that computer technology has enabled greater communication, interaction, and interdependence. It is estimated that this has greatly assisted the introduction and initiation of new ideas and companies. This is supported by the work of Stephen Covey. Covey argues that we function best as innovators when we recognize, and work towards, the role of interdependence.

In business people and departments must rely on one another to share information, financial resources, tools and more, making interpersonal communication very valuable to the company and yourself in order to succeed.

Interdependence exists when actions within an organizational sub-unit affect important outcomes in other sub-units. In business or company this can happen for example in terms of product quality, product cost and customer satisfaction.

According to the definition of complexity by Eppinger, interdependence increases organizational complexity. He illustrates this by using the structure structure matrix. The reason why Eppinger provides increased complexity is that many interdependence across units requires frequent coordination and information exchange. Sub-unit managers need to manage this interdependence.

Four levels of interdependence within the organizational structure

Pooled interdependence is the lowest form of interdependence that results in the least number of conflicts. Departments do not directly depend on or interact with each other, but they draw resources from shared resources. Each separate department contributes to the overall goal, the output of each department then collected at the organizational level. Although the successes and failures of each department do not directly affect each other, it affects the overall success of the company so that it indirectly affects each other. Pooled interdependence requires standardization in operating rules and procedures. An example of interdependence that is collected is the clothing retailer The Gap. Each store acts as a separate department with its own resources (operating budget, staff, etc.) While each store rarely interacts with each other, the success or failure of each store affects the company as a whole, affecting each store.

Sequential interdependence is the asymmetric chain of one-way interaction. The output from one unit becomes input to another unit. There is an increase in communication that increases the potential for conflict. People at the beginning of the chain will remain more independent but the people at the end of the chain will largely depend on the first part. The main concern will be performance variability in the first part of the chain as it has a direct effect on the productivity of later parts. Managing an environment with sequential interdependence will require adaptive planning and scheduling. An example of sequential interdependence is Nissan. Engines and separate parts of the car are assembled in separate factories and then sent to one site to build the final product. If the engine plant runs behind and is not delivered on time, it affects the finished product being completed.

Mutual interdependence has the highest potential conflict because it requires the most communication that has output and input from the activity flowing in both directions between units. This two-way relationship network requires departmental dependence to create successful results. Direct interaction between co-workers can lead to strict interconnections causing high levels of productivity or can lead to high levels of conflict. Managing an interdependent working environment will require a constant sharing of information. An example is the Marriott hotel. The front desk is dependent on the housekeeping to provide clean rooms for guests when they arrive and the housekeeping service is dependent on the front desk to share information about what needs cleaning.

Comprehensive interdependence is a tighter network of mutual interdependencies. The potential for conflict is very high because of the complexity of interdependence. With the increase in frequent and intense communication, and the large duration of time spent with each other, dissent or goal is highly likely. Losing or adding team members can severely affect group performance. An example is a brand management company that relies on all departments for information. Market research departments need to work with product design and sales departments and vice versa to achieve effective and efficient productivity.

Factors to determine the interdependence of the work process

Criticality: For example, how much effect does the action take in the organization's IT department on important results in the Engineering department?
Uncertainty: This is related to dependency and ambiguity. For example, can the Engineering department rely on the promises IT department has made to them? What's more, at what level do the two departments have the same understanding of their respective roles and responsibilities?

If the interdependence is low uncertainty and interest, then the sub-unit enjoys stable and isolated conditions. As uncertainties and interests increase, so does the intensity of communication and collaboration between sub-units and possible conflicts

If interdependence is very high both in uncertainty and importance, then they tend to produce a chaotic situation.

Manage interdependencies between sub-units

There are four options for managing interdependencies between sub-units

Eliminate interdependence
Add new interdependencies
Change the degree of interdependence between sub-units by changing their uncertainty and/or criticality. With this, coordination needs are reduced
Introduce coordination mechanisms, such as phone calls, faxes, emails, regular meetings, regular meetings, committees, liaison officers or integration managers, and cross-functional teams

Usually, the main suggestion for dealing with interdependence is to introduce a coordination mechanism. Appropriate coordination mechanisms should be chosen depending on the degree of criticality and uncertainty.

Relatively low interdependencies in criticality and uncertainty require only the manager of each sub-unit to exchange information (eg via e-mail or phone)
The interdependencies that are considered least important and uncertain, may require sub-unit managers to meet regularly to coordinate between them. In addition, the role of integrator (or link) can be made by making one employee responsible for coordinating work between two sub-units.
Higher degrees of interdependence may require wider integration.