An identity document (also referred to as a piece of identification or ID , or colloquial as paper ) is a document anything that can be used to prove one's identity. If it is issued in the form of a small standard size credit card, it is usually called identity card ( IC , ID card , Citizenship Card ), or Passport Card . Some countries issue formal identity documents, as national identity cards that may be compulsory or mandatory, while others may require identity verification using regional identification or informal documents. When an identity document combines a person's photo, it can be called a photo ID.
In the absence of a formal identity document, driver licenses may be accepted in many countries for identity verification. Some countries do not accept driver licenses for identification, often because in those countries they do not expire as documents and may become old or easily falsified. Most countries accept passports as a form of identification. Some countries require everyone to have identity documents available at all times. Many countries require that all foreigners have passports or sometimes national identity cards from their countries are available at any time if they do not have a residence permit in that country.
Identity documents are used to connect a person with information about the person, often in the database. Photos and ownership are used to connect people with documents. The connection between the identity document and the information base is based on the personal information contained in the document, such as the carrier's full name, age, date of birth, address, identification number, card number, gender, citizenship and more. Unique national identification numbers are the safest way, but some countries do not have such numbers or do not write them on identity documents.
Video Identity document
History
The passport version regarded as the earliest identity document written into law was introduced by King Henry V of England under the Safe Behavior Act 1414.
For the next 500 years and before World War I, most people did not have or need identity documents.
Photographic identification appeared in 1876 but was not widely used until the early 20th century when photographs became part of passports and other identity documents such as driver's licenses, all of which were later referred to as "photo IDs". Both Australia and the United Kingdom, for example, introduced the requirements for photographic passports in 1915 after the so-called Lody spy scandal.
The shape and size of identity cards is standardized in 1985 by ISO/IEC 7810. Some of the modern identity documents are smart cards including hard-to-mix integrated circuits standardized in 1988 by ISO/IEC 7816. The new technology allows card identities to contain biometric information, such as photo, face, hand or iris measurement, or fingerprint. An electronic identity card (or e-ID) is available in countries including Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Morocco, Portugal and Spain.
Maps Identity document
Adoption
Law enforcement officials claim that identity cards make surveillance and seek criminals easier and consequently support the universal adoption of identity cards. In countries that do not have a national identity card, there are concerns about the projected big costs and the misuse of the potential of high tech smartcards.
In many countries - and especially English-speaking countries such as Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the UK and the United States - there is no compulsory identity card issued by the government for all citizens. Ireland has a Public Service card although it is not considered a national identity card by the Department of Employment and Social Protection (DEASP).
There is debate in these countries about whether the card and their centralized database will be a violation of privacy and civil liberties. Much of the criticism is directed at increasing the likelihood of extensive abuse of centralized and comprehensive databases that store sensitive data. A 2006 survey of British Open University students concluded that mandatory mandatory cards planned under the 2006 Identity Card Act plus a central government database resulted in the most negative attitude response among some alternative configurations. None of the countries listed above mandate ownership of identity documents, but they have de facto equality because these countries still require proof of identity in many situations. For example, all vehicle drivers must have a driver's license, and young people may need to use "proof of age cards" issued exclusively when buying alcohol. In addition, and uniquely amongst the native English speakers without ID cards, the United States requires all male inmates between the ages of 18 and 25, including foreigners, to enlist conscripts.
Arguments for
The argument for such an identity document:
- To avoid unsuitable people, and to fight fraud, there must be a way, as safe as possible, to prove one's identity.
- Every human being has brought their personal identification in the form of DNA, which is very difficult to forge or discard (in the case of modification). Even for non-state commercial and private interactions, this may soon become the preferred identifier, making state-issued IDs a lesser crime than an extensive privacy risk potentially linked to the daily use of a person's genetic profile for identification purposes.
Argument for national identity document:
- If using only personal alternatives, such as bank id cards, the lack of inherent consistency regarding publishing policies can cause downstream issues. For example, in Sweden, private companies such as banks (for security reasons) refuse to issue ID cards to individuals without Swedish cards. This forced the government to start issuing national cards. It's also more difficult to control the use of information by private companies, such as when a credit card issuer or a social media company mapped out a buying behavior to help target the ads.
Arguments against
The argument against such an identity document:
- The cost of developing and administering the identity card system can be very high. Figures from GBP30 (USD45) to GBP90 or even higher are recommended for a derelict UK ID card. In countries such as Chile, identity cards are paid by everyone up to GBP6; in other countries, such as Venezuela, free ID cards. This, however, does not disclose the actual cost of issuing ID cards as some additional sections can be borne by the general taxpayer ( See also The parable of the broken window.)
Argument against national identity document:
- Instead of relying on government-issued ID cards, US federal policies have an alternative to encourage existing systems of identification, such as driver licenses or firearms or personal cards.
Arguments against overuse or misuse of identity documents:
- Cards that depend on a centralized database can be used to track the physical movement and personal life of any person, thus violating personal freedom and privacy. The proposed UK ID card (see next section) proposes a series of related databases managed by private sector companies. Different system-related management across institutions and personnel is suspected to be a security disaster in its manufacture.
- If religion or ethnicity is registered in a mandatory identity document, this data may enable the creation of a racial profile.
National policy
According to Privacy International, in 1996, identity card ownership is mandatory in about 100 countries, although what constitutes "mandatory" varies. In some countries (see below), must have an identity card when a person reaches the designated age. Punishment for non-ownership is usually fine, but in some cases it can lead to arrest until identity is set. For people suspected of committing crimes such as shoplifting or no bus tickets, non-ownership may result in such detentions, as well as in countries that do not formally require an identity card. In practice, random checks are rare, except at certain times.
Some countries do not have national identity cards. These include Andorra, Australia, Canada, Denmark, India (see below), Japan, New Zealand, Norway, UK. Other identity documents such as passports or SIMs are used as identity documents when needed.
A number of countries have voluntary identity card schemes. These include Austria, Finland, France (see France), Hungary (however, all Hungarians must have at least one of: valid passports, photocard driver license or National ID card), Iceland, Sweden and Switzerland. The United Kingdom scheme was canceled in January 2011 and the database was destroyed.
In the United States, the Federal government issued an optional identity card known as the "Passport Card" (which includes important information such as citizenship). On the other hand, the state issued an optional identity card for people who do not hold a license as an alternative identification tool. These cards are issued by the same organization that is responsible for the driver's license, usually called the Department of Motor Vehicles. Note, this is not a mandatory identity card for residents.
For Sahara Sahara Western Sahara, pre-1975 Spanish identity cards are the main proof that they are Saharawi residents compared to recent Moroccan colonies. Thus they will be allowed to vote in a referendum on self-determination.
Companies and government departments can issue ID cards for security purposes or proof of qualification. For example, all taxi drivers in the UK carry ID cards. UK construction managers, supervisors and co-operatives have photographic ID cards, CSCS cards (Construction Skills Certification Schemes), which demonstrate training and skills including safety training. Those working on UK railroads near the work line must carry a photo ID to demonstrate training in track safety (PTS and other cards) whose ownership is dependent on the filtering of alcohol and drugs on a regular and random basis. In Queensland and Western Australia, anyone working with children should have a background check and each issue a Blue Card or Work with a Children's Card.
Africa
Republic of Liberia
Liberia has begun the process of issuing national biometric identification cards, which will be used by citizens and foreigners to open bank accounts, and participate in other Governments. Service every day.
More than 4.5 million people are expected to register and obtain a citizenship or residence ID card in Liberia. The project has started where the NIR (National Identification Registry) issued the National ID Card Citizens. The national Biometric Identification System (NBIS) centered will be integrated with other Government Ministries. Identity Card and ECOWAS ID Card will also be issued. Please visit this site for more information http://nir.gov.lr/
Egypt
It is compulsory for all Egyptians aged 16 and older to have an ID (Arabic: ????????????? ? Bi? qat ta? q? q shakh? iyya , literally, "Personal Verification Card"). In everyday speeches, it is generally simply called "el-bi qa (" card "). It is used for:
- Open or close a bank account
- Sign up for a school or university
- register a mobile phone or home phone number
- Interacts with most government agencies, including:
- Submit or renew driver licenses
- Applying for a passport
- Apply for any social or grant service
- Sign up to vote, and vote in selection
- Sign up as a taxpayer
The Egyptian ID Card consists of 14 digits, national identity number, and expires after 7 years from the date of issuance. Some people feel that the Egyptian ID card is problematic, because of the poor cardholder photo quality in general and the mandatory requirement for ID card holders to identify their religion and for married women to include their husbands' names on their cards.
Tunisia
Every Tunisian citizen is expected to apply for an identity card at the age of 18; however, with the consent of a parent, a Tunisian national can apply and receive, an ID before the eighteenth birthday at the request of the parent.
By 2016, the government has introduced a new bill to parliament to issue new biometric ID documents. The bill has created controversy amid civil society organizations.
Gambia
All Gambia residents over the age of 18 are required to have a Gambia National Identity Card. In July 2009, new biometric Identity cards were introduced. The National Identity Card of biometrics is one of the most acceptable documents required to apply for Gambian Driver License.
Mauritius
Mauritius requires all citizens who have reached the age of 18 to file a National Identity Card. The National Identity Card is one of several forms of identification received, along with a passport. National ID cards are required to apply for passports for all adults, and all minors must bring a National Identity Card from their parents when applying for a passport.
Nigeria
Nigeria first introduced the National Identity Card in 2005, but its adoption at the time was limited and not widespread. The country is now in the process of introducing a new Biometric Identity Card complete with SmartCard and other security features. The National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) is the Federal Government Agency responsible for the issuance of these new cards, as well as the management of the new National Identity Database. The Federal Government of Nigeria announced in April 2013 that after the next General Election in 2015, all subsequent elections will require voters to be eligible to run or vote if Citizens have an Identity Card issued by NIMC. The Central Bank of Nigeria is also considering instructing banks to request a National Identity Number (NIN) for every citizen who maintains an account with one of the banks operating in Nigeria. The proposed kick-off date has not been determined.
South Africa
South Africans aged 15 years and 6 months or older are eligible for a KTP. The South African identity document is not valid as a travel document or is valid for use outside of South Africa. Although carrying documents is not required in everyday life, it is necessary to show official documents or copies as proof of identity when:
- Signed a contract, including
- Open or close a bank account
- Sign up for a school or university
- Purchase phone and register number
- Interacts with most government agencies, including
- Submit or renew a SIM or firearm license
- Applying for a passport
- Apply for any social or grant service
- Sign up to vote, and vote in selection
- Sign up as a taxpayer or unemployment insurance
The South African identity documents used also contain driver licenses and firearms; However, these documents are now issued separately in card format. In mid 2013 smart card ID launches to replace ID books. The card was launched on July 18, 2013 when a number of officials received the first card at a ceremony in Pretoria. The government plans to have the book ID removed for a period of six to eight years. The South African government seeks the possibility of using this smart card not only as an identity card but also for licenses, National Health Insurance, and social grants.
Zimbabwe
Zimbabweans are required to apply for National Registration at the age of 16. Zimbabweans are issued with plastic cards containing photos and items on it. Prior to the introduction of plastic cards, Zimbabwe ID cards were used for printing on aluminum anodised. Together with the Driving License, the National Registration Card (including the old metal type) is universally accepted as a proof of identity in Zimbabwe. Zimbabweans are required by law to bring identification to them at any time and visitors to Zimbabwe are expected to carry their passports with them at all times.
Asia
Afghanistan
Afghans over the age of 18 are required to carry a national ID document called Tazkira.
Bahrain
Bahrain citizens must have both ID cards, called "smart cards", which are recognized as official documents and may be used in the Gulf Cooperation Council and passports, which are recognized worldwide.
Bangladesh
Biometric identification has been in Bangladesh since 2008. All Bangladeshians aged 18 years and older are included in the Central Biometric Database, used by the Bangladesh Electoral Commission to oversee the election procedure in Bangladesh. All Bangladeshis are issued with a NID Card that can be used to get a passport, driver's license, credit card, and to register land ownership.
China
The People's Republic of China requires every citizen aged 16 years and over to carry an identity card. This card is the only acceptable legal document to get a job, residence permit, driver's license or passport and to open a bank account or apply for admission to college and technical college.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong Identity Card (or HKID ) is an official identity document issued by the Hong Kong Immigration Department to all persons who have the right to stay, the right to land or any other form of limited stay more than 180 days in Hong Kong. According to the Hong Kong Basic Law, all residents remain eligible for a Hong Kong Permanent Identity Card stating that the holder has the right to stay in Hong Kong. All persons aged 16 years and over must carry a valid legal government identification document in a public place. All persons aged 16 years and over must be able to produce valid legal government identification documents when requested by the legal authorities, otherwise they may be detained to investigate their identity and legal right to reside in Hong Kong.
India
Although there is no compulsory identity card in India, Aadhaar's card, a multi-purpose national identity card, carries 16 personal data and unique identification numbers available to all citizens since 2007. The card contains photos, full name, date of birth and Identification Number A unique and randomly generated 12-digit national. However, the card itself is rarely necessary as evidence; number or copy of the card is enough. This card has a SCOSTA QR code embedded on the card, where all the details on the card are accessible. In addition to Aadhaar, PAN cards, Ration cards, Voter Cards, and driver's licenses are also used. This may be issued by the Government of India or any State Government, and applies throughout the country. Indian passports can also be used.
Indonesia
Citizens over the age of 17 are required to have ID cards (Identity Card). The card will identify whether the holder is an Indonesian citizen or a foreign national. In 2011, the Indonesian government initiated a two-year ID publishing campaign using smartcard technology and biometric duplication of fingerprints and iris recognition. This card, called an Electronic Identity Card (e-ID), will replace the conventional ID (ID) starting in 2013. By 2013, it is estimated that around 172 million Indonesian citizens will have e-ID cards issued to them.
Iran
Every Iranian citizen has an identification document called Shenasnameh in Persia (????????). These are booklets based on the citizen's birth certificate showing their National ID of Shenasnameh; their date of birth; where they were born; name, date of birth and national ID number of their Father and Mother. In other pages of Shenasnameh, their marital status, husband's name (s), children's names, the date of each vote and finally their death will be recorded.
Any Iranian permanent resident over the age of 15 must hold a valid National Identity Card (Persian: ??????) or at least get their unique National Number from one of the local Vital Records branches of the Iranian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
To apply for a NID card, the applicant must be at least 15 years of age and have photos attached to their Birth Certificate, conducted by the Vital Records branch.
Since June 21, 2008, NID cards have been required for many things in Iran and the Iranian Mission abroad (for example, getting a passport, driver's license, banking procedure, etc.)
Iraq
Every Iraqi citizen must have a National Card (????????????).
Israel
The law of Israel requires every resident to remain above the age of 16, whether citizen or not, to carry an identity card called te'udat zehut (Hebrew: ????? ???? ?) in Hebrew or bi ?? qat huw? yes ( ????? ???? ?) in Arabic.
The card is designed in bilingual form, printed in Hebrew and Arabic, however, personal data is presented in Hebrew by default and can be presented in Arabic as well if the owner decides so. The card must be shown to the officer in charge (eg, a policeman) upon request, but if the resident can not do this, one can contact the relevant authorities within five days to avoid punishment.
Until the mid-1990s, identity cards were regarded as the only legally reliable document for many actions such as choosing or opening a bank account. Since then, a new Israeli driver license that includes extra photos and personal information is now considered equally reliable for most of these deals. In other situations, government-issued photo IDs, such as passports or military IDs, may be enough.
Palestinian Authority
The Identity Card of the Palestine Authority Problem after the agreement with Israel since 1995 pursuant to the Oslo Agreement, the data is forwarded to the Israeli database and confirmed. In February 2014, a presidential decree issued by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to abolish the field of religion was announced. Israel objected to abolishing the religion on the Palestinian ID for controlling their official records, IDs and passports and the PA has no right to make amendments to this effect without prior Israeli approval, the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah said that abolishing religion on ID has been at the center of negotiations with Israel since 1995. The decision was criticized by Hamas officials in the Gaza Strip, saying it is unconstitutional and will not be implemented in Gaza for damaging Palestinians.
Japanese
Japanese citizens do not need to have identification documents with them in the territory of Japan. If required, official documents, such as Japanese driver's licenses, basic residency registration cards, radio operator licenses, social insurance cards, health insurance cards or passports are generally used and accepted. On the other hand, medium to long term foreigners should bring their Zairy? cards, while short-term visitors and tourists (who have Temporary Visitor status stickers on their passports) are required to carry their passports.
Macau
Macau's Identity Card is an official identity document issued by the Department of Identification to permanent residents and non-permanent residents.
Malaysia
In Malaysia, MyKad is a mandatory identity document for Malaysian citizens aged 12 and over. Introduced by the National Registration Department of Malaysia on September 5, 2001 as one of Malaysia's four main MSC applications and a substitute for High Quality Identity Card ( High Quality Introduction Cards ), Malaysia became the first country in the world to use an identity card that combines the identification of fingerprint biometric images and data on a built-in computer chip embedded in a sheet of plastic.
Myanmar
Burmese citizens are required to obtain a National Registration Card (NRC), while non-nationals are given a Foreign Registration Card (FRC).
Pakistan
In Pakistan, all adult citizens must register for the National Computerized Identity Card (CNIC), with a unique number, at the age of 18. CNIC serves as an identification document to authenticate individual identity as a Pakistani citizen.
Previously, the National Identity Card (NIC) was issued to the citizens of Pakistan. Now the government has transferred all existing National Identity Card records (NICs) to the computerized database center managed by Nadra. The new CNIC is a machine that can be read and has security features such as fingerprint and face information. By the end of 2013, smart national identity cards, SNIC, are also available.
Singapore
In Singapore, every citizen, and permanent resident (PR) must register at the age of 15 for an ID Card. These cards are required not only for state procedures but also in daily transactions registering for mobile phone lines, getting certain discounts in stores, and entering into certain websites on the internet. Schools often use it to identify students, both online and in the exam.
South Korea
Every South Korean citizen over the age of 17 is given an ID card called Jumindeungrokjeung (?????) and should always carry it. Small fines can be charged if someone does not bring them. It has had several changes in its history, the latest form is a plastic card that meets the ISO 7810 standards. The card has a photo holder and a 15 digit identity number calculated from the birthday and birthplace of the holder. The hologram technology is applied for the purpose of inhibiting counterfeiting. This card has no additional features used to identify the holder except comparing the photo and face of the holder. In addition to this card, the South Korean Government receives a SIM card, passport, and identity card of the general officer as an official identity card.
Sri Lanka
The E- National Identity Card (abbreviation: E-NIC) is an identity document used in Sri Lanka. It is compulsory for all Sri Lankan citizens aged sixteen and older to have NICs. NICs are removed from the Admission Department. Registration of Law Number 32 Year 1968 as amended by Law no. 28 and 37 of 1971 and Law No.11 of 1981 regulates the issuance and use of NICs.
Sri Lanka is in the process of developing a Smart Card-based NIC RFID card that will replace the 'laminate type' card by storing holder information on a chip readable by banks, offices, etc., thus reducing the need to have this documentation physically by saving in the cloud.
The NIC number is used for unique personal identification, similar to the social security number in the U.S.
In Sri Lanka, all citizens over the age of 16 should apply for a National Identity Card (NIC). Each NIC has a unique 10 digit number, in the 000000000A format (where 0 is a number and A is a letter). The first two digits of that number are your birth year (eg: 93xxxxxxxx for someone born in 1993). The last letter is generally 'V' or 'X'. The NIC number is required to apply for a passport (more than 16), driver's license (more than 18) and to vote (over 18). In addition, all citizens are required to bring their NICs at all times as proof of identity, given the security situation in the country. NICs are not issued to non-citizens, who still have to carry a photo ID document (such as a photocopy of a passport or a foreign driver's license) at all times. Sometimes a Postal ID card can also be used.
Taiwan
"National Identity Card" (Chinese: ????? ) is issued to all citizens of the Republic of China (official name of Taiwan) 14 years of age and above who have a home registration stairs in Taiwan region. Identification cards are used for almost any activity that requires identity verification in Taiwan such as opening a bank account, renting an apartment, job application and choosing.
The identification card contains a photo holder, ID number, Chinese name, and date of birth (Minguo calendar). The back of the card also contains the address of the person registered where the official correspondence is sent, the birthplace, and the names of parents and spouse.
If residents move, they must re-register at the municipal office (Mandarin: ????? ).
ROC citizens with household registration in Taiwan are known as "registered citizens". Unregistered ROC citizens in Taiwan (known as "unregistered citizens") are not eligible for identification cards and associated privileges (eg, the right to vote and residence rights in Taiwan), but are eligible for the Republic of China passport, which unlike ID Cards, does not indicate the right of residence in Taiwan. If the "unregistered citizens" are resident in Taiwan, they will hold the Taiwan Territory Resident Certificate as an identity document, which is almost identical to the Foreign Residents Certificate issued to foreign citizens/citizens in Taiwan.
Thai
In Thailand, the National ID Card of Thailand (Thai: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? This card proves the identity of the holder to receive government services and other rights.
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The Emirates Identity Authority (EIDA) is the federal authority responsible for issuing National Identity Cards to citizens (UAE citizens), GCC (Gulf Corporation Council) citizens and residents of the country. All individuals are mandated to apply for ID cards at all ages. For individuals 15 years and over, fingerprint biometrics (10 fingerprints, palms, and authors) are captured in the enrollment process. Everyone has a unique 15-digit identification number (IDN) that a person has for the rest of his life.
Identity Card is a smart card that has the most advanced technology in the field of smart cards with very high security features that make it difficult to duplicate. This is a 144KB Smart Card Combi, in which electronic chips include personal information, 2 fingerprints, 4 digit pin codes, digital signatures, and certificates (digital and encryption). Personal photos, IDN, name, date of birth, signature, nationality, and ID card expiration date are fields visible on the physical card.
In the UAE is used as an official identification document for all individuals to benefit from services in government, some non-governmental, and private entities in the UAE. It supports the UAE's vision of intelligent governance because KTPs are used to securely access electronic services in the country. ID Cards can also be used by citizens as official travel documents between GCC countries rather than using a passport. Implementation of national ID programs in UAE enhances individual security by protecting their identity and preventing identity theft.
Vietnamese
In Vietnam, all citizens over the age of 14 must have Public Identity Card provided by local authorities.
Europe
European Economic Area
National identity cards issued to EEA citizens (EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway) and Switzerland, which declare an EEA or Swiss nationality, can not only be used as identity documents in the country of origin, but also as travel documents to exercise free movement rights in EEA and Switzerland.
During the UK Presidency in the European Union in 2005, a decision was made to: "Agree with general standards for security features and safe issuance procedures for ID cards (December 2005), with agreed upon standard as soon as possible afterwards In this case, English Presidency submit proposals for widespread biometric use in the European Union on national identity cards ".
Belgium
In Belgium, all persons over the age of 12 are given an French ("French carte d'identitÃÆ' Â © in French , identiteitskaart in Dutch and Personalausweis in German), and since the age of 15 years carrying this card at all times is mandatory. For foreigners living in Belgium the same card (foreign card, Dutch Dutch carte pour ÃÆ' Â © trangers in French) are published, although they may also carry passports, work permits or temporary residence permits.
Since 2000, all newly issued Belgian ID cards have chips (eID cards), and the launching of these cards is expected to be completed in 2009. Since 2008, the foreign card has also been replaced with an eID card, containing similar chips. EID cards can be used in both the public and private sectors for identification and for the creation of legally binding electronic signatures.
Until the end of 2010 the Belgian consul issued an old style ID card (105 x 75 mm) to Belgians who were permanently in their jurisdiction and who chose to be registered with the consulate (which is highly recommended). Since 2011 the Belgian consul issued electronic ID cards, electronic chips where not activated.
Bulgarian
In Bulgaria, must have an identity card (Bulgarian - ????????, lichna karta) at the age of 14. Any person above 14 who is examined by police without carrying at least some form of identification may be subject to a fine of 50 Bulgarian levs around EUR25).
Croatian
All Croatian citizens can ask for an Identity Card, called Osobna iskaznica (Personal card literally). All persons over the age of 18 must have an Identity Card and carry it at any time. Refusals to bring or produce an Identity Card to a police officer may result in a fine of 100 kuna or more and detention until an individual's identity can be verified by fingerprint.
Croatian ID cards are applicable throughout the European Union, and can also be used to travel to all non-EU Balkan countries.
The 2013 design of Croatia ID cards is set up for future installations of the Electronic identity card chip, set for implementation in 2014.
Cyprus
The acquisition and ownership of the Civic Identity Card is mandatory for any qualified person who has reached the age of twelve. On January 29, 2015, it was announced that all future IDs to be published would be biometric.
Czech Republic
An identity card with photos issued to all citizens of the Czech Republic at the age of 15 years. It is officially recognized by all EU member states for intra-EU travel. Traveling outside the EU mostly requires a Czech passport.
Denmark
Denmark is one of the few EU countries that currently do not issue national identity cards (excluding driving licenses and passports issued for other purposes).
Danish citizens are not required by law to carry ID cards. A traditional identity document (without photos), personal identity certificates (Danish: Personnummerbevis ) is not widely used in Danish society, as it has been replaced by many more versatile National Health Insurance Card (Danish: Sundhedskortet ) containing the same information and more. The National Health Insurance Card is issued to all citizens aged 12 years and over. This card is commonly referred to as an identity card even though there is no photo holder. Both certificates take their information from the Civil Registration System. However, personnummerbevis is still being released today and has been since September 1968.
Danish driver's licenses and passports are the only government-issued identity cards that contain personal identification numbers and photographs. Foreigners with no driving skills living in Denmark can not get such documents. Driving license and foreign passport are accepted with limitations. Foreigners living in Denmark will have a residence permit with personal identification number and photo.
In Denmark, since 2004, districts have issued "photo ID cards" (Danish: billedlegitimationskort ), which can be used as age verification, but limited for identification purposes because security is limited to publish, and that does not apply to EU travel.
Until 2004, Dankort's national debit card contained photo holders and was widely accepted as an identity card. Danish banks have successfully lobbied for images to be removed from national debit cards and since 2004 Dankort no longer loads photos. It is therefore rarely accepted for identification.
Estonian
The Estonian Identity Card (Estonian: ID-kaart ) is the peeling image ID in the Republic of Estonia. Estonian identity cards are officially recognized by all EU member states for intra-EU travel. To travel outside the EU, Estonians may also need a passport.
The card chip holds a pair of keys, which allows users to cryptographically sign a digital document based on the principle of public key cryptography using DigiDoc. Under Estonian law, since December 15, 2000 cryptographic signatures are legally equivalent to manual signatures.
Estonian identity cards are also used for authentication in an ambitious Estonian based internet voting program. In February 2007, Estonia was the first country in the world to elect elections for parliamentary elections. More than 30,000 voters participated in the country's first election. In 2014, at the European Parliamentary elections, the number of electorate voters has increased to over 100,000 which comprise 31% of the total votes cast.
Finnish
In Finland, every citizen can get an identity card ( henkilÃÆ'¶kortti / identitetskort ). This, along with a passport, is one of two official identity documents. It is available as an electronic ID card ( sÃÆ'¤hkÃÆ'¶inen henkilÃÆ'¶kortti / Identitetskort electroniskt ), which allows entry to certain government services on the Internet.
Driving licenses and KELA (social security) cards with photos are also widely used for general identification purposes even though they are not officially recognized as such. However, KELA has ended the practice of issuing social security cards with carrier photos, while it has become possible to embed social security information into national ID cards. For most purposes when identification is required, only valid documents are ID, passport or driver's license. However, a citizen does not need to carry these items.
French
France has had a national identity card for all citizens since the beginning of World War II in 1940. Identity documents must be made earlier, for workers from 1803 to 1890, nomadic (gens du voyage) in 1912, and foreigners in 1917 during World War I. The national identity card was first published as a carte d'identità © FranÃÆ'§aise under the law of 27 October 1940, and is mandatory for all persons over the age of 16. An identity card is valid for 10 years, must be renewed within one year if there is a change of residence, and the update must pay a fee. Under the Vichy regime, in addition to facial photos, surnames, first names, date and place of birth, the card includes a national identity number administered by INSEE national statistics, which is also used as a national service registration number, as Social Security account number for health benefits and pensions, for access to court files and for tax purposes. Under the decree 55-1397 of 22 October 1955, a revised mandatory card, carte nationale d'identità ©  © (CNI) was introduced.
The law (Articles 78-1 to 78-6 of the French Criminal Code Act ( Code de Procà © dure pÃÆ'  © nale ) only specifies that during the ID checks conducted by the police, the gendarmerie or customs officer, a person may prove his identity "in any way", his validity submitted to the judgment of law enforcement officials.Although not explicitly stated in the law, identity card, driver's license, passport, visa, a Carte de SÃÆ'  © jour , the sound card is quite in accordance with the jurisprudence, the decision to accept other documents, with or without a carrying photo, such as Social Security card, travel card or bank card, is submitted to the discretion of law enforcement officers.
According to Art. 78-2 of the French Penal Code Criminal Code examination is possible only:
- alineas 1 & amp; 2: if you are the object of investigation or investigation, have committed, ready or attempted to commit an offense or if you may provide information about it ( contrÃÆ'Â'le judiciaire );
- paragraph 4: within 20 km of the French border and at the port, airports and railway stations open to international traffic ( contrÃÆ'Â'le aux frontiÃÆ'¨res ); paragraph 3: regardless of the person's conduct, to prevent public order offenses and in particular violations of the safety of persons or property ( contrÃÆ'Â'le administr ).
The latter case permits the examination of the identity passed by the police, especially in the most often poorest criminal environments under such conditions, according to the Cour de Cassation, that police do not refer not only to "general conditions and abstract "but" special circumstances that may characterize the risk of public order offenses and in particular violations of the safety of persons or property "(Cass, Criminal No. 05/12/1999, n. 99-81153, Bull., N ° 95).
In the case of the necessity to establish your identity, not being able to prove it "in any way" (eg the legality of road traffic procÃÆ'¨s-verbal depends on it), may lead to Temporary Arrest ( vÃÆ'Â © rification d'identitÃÆ'Â © ) up to 4 hours for the indispensable time to ensure your identity is in accordance with the art. 78-3 of the Code of the French criminal procedure ( Code de procÃÆ' © dure pÃÆ' Â © nale ).
For financial transactions, identity cards and passports are almost always accepted as proof of identity. Due to the possibility of counterfeiting, the driver's license is sometimes denied. For transactions with checks involving larger amounts, two different document IDs are often requested by merchants.
Identity cards are now now issued for free and optional, and are valid for ten years for minors, and fifteen for adults. The current government has proposed a compulsory biometric card system, which has been opposed by human rights groups and by national authorities and regulators on computational systems and databases, the Nationalization Commission de l'informatique et des libertÃÆ'Â © s >, CNIL. Other non-mandatory projects are being discussed.
German
It is compulsory for all German citizens aged 16 years and over to have either the Personalausweis (identity card) or passport but not to carry it. Police officers and other officials have the right to demand to see one of these documents (identification obligations); but the law does not state that a person is required to submit a document at a moment's notice. But since the driving license, although in practice widely accepted, is not a legally accepted form of identification in Germany, people usually choose to bring their Personalusweis with them. Starting November 2010, German ID cards are issued in ID-1 format and can also contain integrated digital signatures, if desired. As of October 2010, German ID cards were issued in ISO/IEC 7810 ID-2 format. The cards have photos and chips with biometric data, including, optionally, fingerprints.
Gibraltar
Gibraltar has been operating an identity card system since 1943.
The card that was published originally folded cartons, similar to British wartime ID cards was abolished in 1950. There are different colors for UK and non-English citizens. Gibraltar requires all citizens to hold an identity card, which is issued free of charge.
In 1993 cardboard ID cards were replaced with laminated versions. However, although valid as a travel document to the UK, they are not accepted by Spain.
New versions in the EU compliant format are published and valid for use around the EU although very few see any problems in their use, even in the UK. ID Cards are required for some financial transactions, but apart from that and to cross the border with Spain, they are not commonly used.
Greek
The universal ID system must be based on a personal identity card already in Greece since World War II. ID cards issued by the police on behalf of the Police Headquarters (previously issued by the Ministry of Public Order, now incorporated into the Interior Ministry) and displaying the holder's signature, standard face photo, name and last name, father's name and surname, mother's name and surname, date and place of birth, height, municipality, and police who issued police. There are also two optional areas designed to facilitate emergency medical care: ABO and Rhesus factors of blood typing.
Fields included in previous ID card formats, such as calls or professions, religious denominations, domicile address, family names and surnames, fingerprints, eyes and hair color, citizenship and ethnicity are permanently removed for disrupting personal and/or redundant data for one only personal identification purposes.
Since 2000, the name field has been filled with Greek and Latin characters. According to the European Commission's Marking Service [reply to Question 36581], the old Greek ID card "is as valid as the new type according to Greek law and thus they are legitimate travel documents to be accepted by all other EU Member States." In addition to the equivalent of passports within the European Economic Area, the Greek ID card is the primary means of identification of voters during elections.
Since 2005, the procedure for issuing KTPs has been automated and now all citizens over 12 years old must have a KTP, issued within one business day. Prior to that date, the age of the obligatory issue was at 14 and the entire procedure could last several months.
In Greece, identity cards are the most important state documents for citizens. For example, it is necessary to conduct banking transactions if the teller's personnel are unfamiliar with the real account holder, to interact with the Citizenship Service Bureau (KEP), receive the packet or registered mail etc. Citizens are also required to produce their ID cards at the request of law enforcement personnel.
All of the above functions can be met also with valid Greek passports (for example, for people who have lost their identity cards and have not applied for new ones, people who happen to carry their passports instead of their ID card or the Greek living abroad and not having an identity card, which can be issued only in Greece different from passports also issued by consular authorities abroad).
Hungarian
Currently, there are three valid types of document IDs ( SzemÃÆ'Â © lyazonosÃÆ'tÃÆ'³ igazolvÃÆ'¡ny , nÃÆ'Â © e SzemÃÆ'Â © lyi igazolvÃÆ'¡ny , abbr. Sz.ig.) In Hungary: the oldest is a hard-covered multi-page booklet and issued before 1989 by the Hungarian People's Republic, the second type is a soft cover, a multi-page booklet published after regime change; both have one original photo of the pinned owner, with the original signature of the owner and local police representative. The third type is a plastic card with a photo and digital signature handle signature. This is generally called a Personal Identity Card.
A plastic card shows the owner's full name, maiden name if applicable, date of birth and venue, mother's maiden name, gender of card holder, validity period of ID and local state authority issuing the card. This card has a unique 6-digit 2-letter ID number and a separate machine-readable zone on the back for the identity document scanning device. It has no information about the owner's residential address, or their personal identification number - this sensitive information is on a separate card, called the Residency Card ( LakcÃÆ'mkÃÆ'¡rtya ). Personal identification number has been issued since 1975; they have the following format in numbers: gender (1 number) - birth date (6 digits) - unique ID (4 digits). They are no longer used as personal identification numbers, but as statistical signatures.
Other legitimate documents are passports (blue or red with RFID chips) and SIM; an individual is required to have at least one of them in hand at all times. A Personal Identity Card is required to vote in state selection or open a bank account in that country.
ID cards issued to permanent residents Hungary; if a foreign national, the card has a different color.
Iceland
The identity card issued by the Icelandic state is called "NafnskÃÆ'rteini". Most people use driver licenses instead. Identity documents are not required to be brought by law (except driving a car), but may be required for bank services, age verification and other situations.
ireland
Ireland does not issue such a compulsory national identity card. Except for a brief period during the second world war when the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs issued an ID Card to those who wanted to travel to England, Ireland never issued such a national identity card.
Documentation of identity is optional for Irish and British citizens. However, identification is mandatory to obtain certain services such as air travel, banking, welfare interactions and public services, age verification and additional situations.
"Non-national" (no connection to EEA or Swiss country) aged 16 years and over should result in identification upon request to immigration officer or member of Garda SÃÆ'ochÃÆ'¡na (police).
Passport booklets, passport cards, driving license, GNIB Registration Certificate, and other forms of identity cards can be used for identification. Ireland has issued an optional passport card since October 2015. The cards are credit card-sized and have all the information from the biography page of an Irish passport book and can be explicitly used for travel in the EEA.
Ireland publishes a "Public Service Card" which is useful when identification is required for welfare and public service contacts. They have photos but not birth dates and therefore are not accepted by the bank. This card is also not considered an identity card by the Department of Employment and Social Protection (DEASP). In the Oireachtas committee hearing held on 22 February 2018, Duggan's team from the department stated "National ID cards are completely different ideas.. People are generally forced to carry (such cards)."
Italy
All Italian citizens are entitled to request an identity card to be issued by the municipality where they live. This card lasts for ten years and is a legal document to leave the country when traveling to other EU countries. It is not mandatory to carry the card itself, because the authorities are only entitled to request someone's identity, not for certain documents. However, if the public security officer is not confident with the claimed identity, as may be the case for an oral identity claim, they can keep the prosecution in custody until his identity is confirmed; Such arrests are limited to the time required for identification and have no legal consequences.
A classic Italian identity card (now in progress replaced by a newer template) has four pages, containing:
- Issue the municipality, card number and name of the owner and surname;
- Owner's name, surname, date of birth and place, nationality, city of residence, address, civil status (optional) and profession; In addition, physical features such as height, hair and eye color, and other special features not visible from photographs (eg, having twins or being amputated) may be recorded;
- Photos and owner's signature, publishing date, and city cap issuing.
- Expiration date and card number.
Fields for fingerprints have long been at the bottom of the third page, but are rarely used. Also, physical features are usually not strictly measured, but are only verbally requested to the applicant (such as high) or quickly ascertained by the on-site administrative officer, without examination for dying hair or cosmetic lenses.
Classic Italian ID cards made of paper, not plastic, and laminates with plastic bags are explicitly prohibited, as they would interfere with the heat-sensitive heat sensitive pattern on the back of the card (see reference). Identity card laminates are very popular and widely practiced until the current ban is introduced, due to the low quality of paper used, which tends to rupture after a few months in the wallet. The removable pouch is often used to limit damage, but the strange card size (about 1cm bigger than plastic credit cards in both directions) makes it difficult to store it easily in the wallet. In addition, paper use makes cards easy to forge, and foreign countries outside the EU sometimes refuse to accept them as valid documents. This general criticism is taken into consideration in the development of Italian electronic identity cards, which are in a more general credit card format.
All foreigners in Italy are required by law to have ID with them at all times. EU member states must always be ready to display identity documents issued legally by the government in their country. Non-EU citizens must have a passport with a customs or resident stamp issued by the Italian authorities; while all residents/alien immigrants must have a residence permit (otherwise they are illegal and face deportation), foreigners from certain non-EU countries living in Italy for a limited time (usually for tourism) may only be required to have a passport with a customs seal that right. In addition, permanent resident aliens may request an Italian ID card issued by the local authority of their city/city of residence.
Dutch
Dutch citizens from the age of 14 are required to be able to present a valid identity document at the request of a police officer or similar official. Furthermore, identity documents are required when opening a bank account and after starting work for a new company. The official identity documents for residents in the Netherlands are:
- Dutch passport
- Dutch identity card
- Alien Stay Permit
- Geprivilegieerdenkaart (among other things for diplomatique corps and their family members)
- Passport/national ID card of member E.E.A. others. countries
For purposes of public identification (but not for other purposes), the Dutch SIM also often serves as an identity document. In the Dutch Caribbean, the Netherlands and other EEA ID cards are invalid; and a BES Identity Card is a compulsory document for all residents.
Norway
In Norway there is no law that punishes not the ownership of identity documents. But there are rules that require it for services such as banking, air travel and voting (where personal recognition or other identification methods have not been made possible).
The following documents are generally considered legitimate (slightly varied, as there are no laws that include it): Nordic Drives, passports (often only from EU and EFTA), national ID cards from the EU, Norwegian ID cards from banks and some others. There is no identity card for anyone but a bank ID card (usually printed on the back of a credit card). To obtain a bank ID card either a Nordic passport or another passport along with a residence and a Norwegian work permit is required.
There is an ongoing plan to introduce a national ID card that accredits Norwegian citizenship, can be used for travel within the EU, and for general identification. The plan began in 2007 and has been delayed several times and is now scheduled for April 1, 2018. [8] The Bank campaigned to be exempt from the task of issuing ID cards, stating that it should be the responsibility of state authorities. Some banks have stopped issuing ID cards, so people need to carry their passports for things like purchasing a credit card or purchasing prescribed drugs if they do not have a driver's license.
Polish
Any Polish citizen aged 18 years or older who resides permanently in Poland must have an Identity Card ( DowÃÆ'³d osobisty ) issued by the local Civil Affairs Office. Polish citizens living abroad are permanently entitled, but not obliged, to own them.
Portugal
All Portuguese citizens are required by law to obtain an ID when they are 6 years old. They are not required to take them always but are obligated to submit them to the lawful if requested.
The old format of the cards (yellow laminate paper) displays the portrait of the carrier, their fingerprint, and the parent's name, among other information.
They are currently being replaced by a gray plastic card with a chip, called the CartÃÆ'Â £ o de CidadÃÆ' Â £ o (Citizen Card), which now incorporates NIF (Tax ID), CartÃÆ'Â £ o de Utente (Health Card)) and Social Security are all protected by PIN obtained when the card is issued.
The new Citizen Card is technologically advanced than the previous Identity Card and has the following characteristics:
- From the physical point of view Citizen's Card will have a 'smart card' format and will replace your existing ID Card, taxpayer card, Social Security card, voter card and National Health Card User Service.
- From the visual point of view the front of the card will display the holder's photo and personal details d
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments