The Vietnam People's Air Force (Vietnam: KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'Â ¢ n NhÃÆ' Â ¢ n dÃÆ' Â ¢ n Vi? T Nam ) is a Vietnamese air force. It is the successor of the former North Vietnamese Air Force and absorbed the Vietnam Republic Air Force after the unification of Vietnam in 1975. The Vietnamese People's Air Force (VPAF) was one of the three main branches of the Vietnam People's Army who were part of the Ministry of Defense. The main mission of the VPAF is the Vietnam airspace defense and the provision of air cover for the Vietnam People's Army operation.
Video Vietnam People's Air Force
History
Initial years
The first aircraft used for the Vietnam Armed Forces were two trainers, a De Havilland Tiger Moth and a Morane-Saulnier, who were originally privately owned Emperor B'ó ?? i. In 1945, B? O ?? I gave the plane to the Vietnamese government. Until 1950, although the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) had acquired a credible offensive capability in the field, it was almost helpless in the face of reconnaissance or assault operations of the French Air Force Expedition. On March 9, 1949, General Vo Nguyen Giap was authorized to establish the Air Force Research Committee (Ban NghiÃÆ'ªn c? U KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'nà ¢ n) under the General Staff to study ways of confronting the war air. The first Vietnam service flight made by Tiger Moth on August 15, 1949. Small-scale training was conducted in the following years.
Further development of aviation in North Vietnam began in 1956, when a number of trainees were sent to the Soviet Union and China for pilot training. They are organized into two groups, for pilots and mechanics, respectively; and among others, utilizing the Czechoslovak ZlÃÆ'n Z-226 and Aero Ae-45. The first unit of the VPAF was the No. 1 Transportation Regiment. 919 ( Trung? OÃÆ'n KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'  ¢ n V? Nt I 919 ), was organized on May 1, 1959, with An-2, Li-2, Il-14 aircraft, followed by Training Regiment No. 910 ( Trung? OÃÆ'n KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'ng 910 ) with the Yak-18 trainer. In 1963 the Air Force and Air Defense Force were merged into the Air Force and Air Defense ( QuÃÆ'ng Phà n nngg khÃÆ''ng - KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'  ¢ n ).
Vietnam War
The first North Vietnamese fighter aircraft was a Trojan T-28 trainer, whose pilot defected from the Royal Air Force; it was exploited from early 1964 by the North Vietnamese as a night fighter. The T-28 was the first North Vietnamese aircraft to shoot down US aircraft, C-123, on February 15, 1964.
North Vietnam Air Force (NVAF) received its first jet fighter, the MiG-17 in February 1964, but they were originally stationed at the air base in China Mainland, while their pilot was being trained. On February 3, 1964, the first combat regiment. 921, the "Red Star squadron", was formed, and on August 6 it arrived from China in North Vietnam with the MiG-17- her. On September 7, combat regime No. 923, aka "Yen The Squadron", led by Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Phuc Trach, was formed. In May 1965, the bomber company No. 16 (iÃÆ'â € šÃÆ'Âng quÃÆ' ¢ n NÃÆ' © m bom 16) was formed with bomber Il-28 twin machine. Only one Il-28 attack was flown in 1972 against Laos troops.
The first airplane to the North Vietnamese Air Force with US aircraft on April 3, 1965. NVAF claimed the falling shootings of two US Navy F-8 Crusaders, which were not confirmed by US sources, although they admitted having experienced MiGs. As a result, April 3 became the "Day of the North Vietnamese Air Force". On April 4th, VPAF (NVAF) scored the first confirmed win to be recognized by both parties. The US combatant community was shocked when the relative slow, post-Korean era, MiG-17 fighter shot down the advanced F-105 Thunderchief fighter plane that attacked Thanh Haa Bridge. The two fallen F-105s carry their normal weight bombs, and can not react to their attackers.
In 1965, NVAF was supplied with a supersonic MiG-21 by the Soviet Union that was used for GCI high-speed attacks that were controlled and run against American air strike groups. The MiG-21 tactics became so effective that by the end of 1966 an operation was installed primarily to deal with the MiG-21 threat. Led by Colonel Robin Olds on January 2, 1967, Operation Bolo lured the MiG-21 into the air, thinking they were intercepting an F-105 strike group, but instead found a sky full of F-4 Phantom II armed missiles prepared for aerial combat. The result is the loss of almost half of the interceptor's MiG-21 inventory, at no cost to the US losses. The VPAF (NVAF) stops for additional training after this setback.
Meanwhile, the disappointing appearance of the US Air Force and the US Navy (USN) aviators, despite flying contemporary sophisticated aircraft at the time, combined with the successful legacy of World War II and the Korean War, resulted in a total renewal of air combat training for USN in 1968 (Top Gun School, founded 1969). The design for the entire generation of aircraft, with techniques to optimize day-to-day air-to-air combat (fighting dogs) against both older ones, as well as for emerging emerging MiG fighters, is inserted onto the drawing board. US forces can not consistently track low-flying MiGs on the radar, and are hampered by a limited engagement rules (ROE) that require pilots to visually acquire their targets, negating most of the advantages of radar-guided missiles, which often prove unreliable when used in battle..
The VPAF (NVAF) is an air defense, with the primary mission of defending North Vietnam, and up to the last stage of the war, not carrying out air operations to South Vietnam; NVAF also does not take general offensive action against enemy naval forces offshore. However it carried out a limited attack on the opposing naval vessels, especially damaging the US destroyer USS Higbee in 1972. In a separate incident, MiG-17 wandering on water was shot down by surface-to - air missiles (SAM) fired by US warships. The VPAF also conducts air strike missions against USAF radar and navigation installations in Laos.
VPAF (NVAF) does not involve all US sorties. Most US aircraft are destroyed by SA-2 surface-to-air missiles or anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), and in some cases, even small arms. Typically, VPAF MiGs will not get involved unless it benefits them. Some of the air tactics used are similar to Operation Bolo, which lures NVAF to the fight.
On March 24, 1967, No regiment. 921, 923 and 919 were incorporated into Air Division 371 "Th? Ng Long" ( S ?? Ta n KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ' Â ¢ n 371 ). In 1969, No. 925 combat regiments were formed, flying Shenyang J-6 (MiG-19 made in China). In 1972 the fourth combat regiment, No. 927 "Lam Son", was formed.
VPAFs fly their interceptors with superb guidance from ground controllers, which puts the MiG at the perfect ambush fighting station. MIG makes quick and destructive attacks against US formations from several directions (usually MiG-17s do direct attacks and MiG-21s are attacked from behind). After shooting down several American planes and forcing several F-105s to drop their bombs prematurely, the MiG is not waiting for retaliation, but breaks away quickly. The "guerrilla war in the air" proved to be very successful. In December 1966, the MiG-21 pilot of FR 921 fell 14 F-105 without loss.
The US Air Force and the US Navy continue to place great expectations on the Phantom F4, assuming that big guns, perfect on-board radar, speed and acceleration are highest, coupled with new tactics will give "Phantom" an advantage over MiG. But in a meeting with the lighter MiG-21 VPAF, the F-4 began to suffer defeat. From May to December 1966, the US lost 47 aircraft in aerial combat, destroying only 12 enemy fighters. From April 1965 to November 1968, in 268 air combats conducted in North Vietnam, the VPAF claimed to have shot down 244 US aircraft or ARVN, and they lost 85 MiG (including 27 F-4 and 20 MiG-21).
In one of their several offensive airstrikes by the VPAF during the entire conflict, on 12 January 1968 the four establishment of the Antonov An-2 bipolar aircraft reportedly flew towards the secretive USAAC TACAN and radar site in Laos guiding American bombers over North Vietnam. Two planes flew into strikes, while the other two parted ways. As two An-2 planes continued to fly, their crew dropped 120 mm mortar as bombs on the floor of the plane and also fired their targets with 57 mm rockets from wing pods. However, when both planes flew back and forth to attack the facility, one aircraft was severely damaged by ground fire from the facility and crashed. Meanwhile, the crew at Five Site 85 managed to summon an Air America helicopter nearby; a crew member on a helicopter armed with an assault rifle fired on the last biplane and caused it to fall. The site was eventually occupied by commander of Vietnam's command army.
In the spring and summer of 1972, to illuminate the war theater of 360 US Air Force tactical fighters and 96 Navy fighter, a large number of the latest Phantom F4 modifications, only opposed 71 VPAF aircraft (including 31 MiG-21).
The culmination of the struggle in the air in the spring of 1972 was May 10, when the VPAF plane completed 64 sorties, engaging in 15 air combat. VPAF claimed 7 F-4 shot down (US confirmed five F-4 lost). They, in turn, managed to shoot down two MiG-21s, three MiG-17s and one MiG-19. On May 11, two MiG-21s, who played the role of "bait", carrying four F-4s to two MiG-21s spinning at low altitudes. MiG quickly raided the "Phantom" and 3 missiles shoot down two F-4s. On May 18, Vietnamese aircraft made 26 sorties in eight air combats, which spent 4 Phantom F-4s, Vietnam fighters on that day not suffering losses. On June 13, the MiG-21 unit intercepted a group of F-4s, a second pair of MiGs doing missile attacks and being hit by two F-4s and not suffering losses.
During the air war, between April 3, 1965 and January 8, 1973, each party would eventually claim a lucrative killing ratio. A total of 201 air combat occurred between the American and Vietnamese aircraft in 1972 of a sudden attack. The VPAF lost 54 MiG (including 36 MiG-21 and one MiG-21US) and they claimed 90 US planes were shot down (including 73 F-4 fighter and two RF-4C spy)
US Navy ace Randy Cunningham believes that he shot down Mig-17 being tested by the myth of "Nguyen Toon" or "Colonel Tomb" while flying his F4 Phantom. However, no research is able to identify the presence of Col. Tomb; Cunningham most likely dropped the flight leader of the 923rd Regiment. Legend declared Colonel Toon allegedly had dropped 13 US aircraft during his tenure. Many North Vietnamese pilots are not only skilled but unorthodox, as Cunningham found after making a basic tactical error. The resulting battle is extended. Cunningham rose sharply, and the MiG pilot surprised Cunningham with a climb as well. Using his training point, Cunningham eventually forces MiG in front of him and destroys him. In fact, there is no pilot in VPAF named Nguy? N Toon, he is a fictional character of American pilots and they often make jokes with dissertations. An American pilot's discovery, Colonel Toon is a combination of a good pilot in Vietnam, such as the solo artist's "solo artist" bombing in World War II called Charlie Machine Wash.
There were several times during the war that the US bombing restrictions on the North Vietnamese Air Area were lifted. Many VPAF (NVAF) aircraft were destroyed on the ground, and those not, pulled into shelters in the northwest of the country or in China. In December 1972, North Vietnamese air defenses were almost exhausted by their surface-to-air surface missiles attempting to descend a high B-52 attack in the North. The North Vietnamese Air Defense Network is degraded by electronic countermeasures (ECM) and other suppression of the Enemy Air Defense measures (SEAD). Although North Vietnamese troops claimed more than 81 US planes were shot down during Operation Linebacker II, (including 34 B-52s, two attributed to VPAF), US sources admitted only 27 aircraft were lost by the Americans (including 15 B-52s).
Within 12 days of operation of "Linebacker-2" (18-29 December), for eight air combats seven US aircraft (including four F4 Phantoms) and three MiG-21 Vietnam were shot down.
After the final negotiations of American involvement in early 1973, the air transport group No. 919 ( LÄ Ta n KhÃÆ''ng quÃÆ' Â ¢ n v? N t I 919 ), was formed; and equipped with fixed wing aircraft, as well as a helicopter (rotor-wing) in November.
During the 1975 Spring Attack, the Tan Son Nhut Air Base bombing, the only airstrike carried out by the VPAF, occurred on April 28, 1975, just two days before the fall of Saigon. The operation was conducted by Quyet Thang VPAF Squadron, using the A-37 aircraft flown by the VPAF and RVNAF pilot led by Nguyen Thanh Trung who had bombed the Presidential Palace in Saigon, less than a month earlier before defecting north.
During the Vietnam War, NVAF used MiG-17F, PF (J-5); MiG-19 (J-6), MiG-21F-13, PF, PFM, and MF. They claim to have shot down 266 US planes, and the US claims to have shot down or destroyed 204 MiG planes and at least six An-2s, of which 196 were confirmed with strong evidence (100 MiG-17, 10 MiG-19 and 86). MiG-21). However, the VPAF admitted only 154 MiGs were lost due to all causes, including 131 in the air combat (63 MiG-17, 8 MiG-19 and 60 MiG-21)). Using the numbers, the total kill ratio is 1: 1.3 to 1: 2. With the amount of losses for MiG confirmed by the US (121 aircraft shot down and 7 broken), the kill ratio changed 1.6: 1 against the MiGs, or 1.1 : 1 even received a VPAF number of only 131 in aerial combat. However, this ratio does not include the number of ARVN aircraft being shot down by VPAF (one source claimed that the VPAF shot down 72 ARVN planes.)
Postwar development
The VPAF did not play a major role during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign in 1975. The only sortie flown was carried out by five captured VNAF A-37s. SA-2 was transported to South Vietnam to counter possible US military airstrikes. The US was unable to restore their air power during the 1975 attack, which proved decisive in 1972, and the VNAF lacked the ability to attack targets in the north or to defend against the onslaught in the south.
After the end of the Vietnam War (called the American War in Vietnam) in May 1975, more regiments were formed. No. 935 combat regiment "ng Nai" and no. 937 combat-bomber regiment "H? U Giang", followed by no. 918 transport regiment "Hong Ha" and no. 917 mixed transport regiment "ng ng ThÃÆ'¡p" was created in July 1975. In September 1975, four newly formed regiments were formed into the 370th Air Division of "LÃÆ'ª L? I" and the Air Division 372 "Hai Van" was formed, including among other combat regiments 925.
Anguatan Udara Rakyat Vietnam ( Khun Dien Pho ) dipisahkan dari Angkatan Pertahanan Udara ( QuÃÆ' Â ¢ n You are not allowed to ).
When South Vietnam was occupied by PAVN forces on April 30, 1975, about 877 aircraft were captured by PAVN. Of these, 41 are F-5 and 95 are A-37. When Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1979, the former VNAF A-37 flew mostly ground support missions. This aircraft is better suited for roles than MiG. Former VNAF F-5Es, C-123, C-130, and UH-1 were used by the VPAF for many years after the end of the War.
In the years between 1953 and 1991, about 700 fighter planes, 120 helicopters and 158 missile complexes had been supplied to North Vietnam by the USSR and PR China (mainly the MiG-19 (J-6 series).Even now, three-quarters of the armaments Vietnam was created in post-Cold War Russia.
Today VPAF is in the midst of modernization. It still operates the final model of the Su-22, a plane from the Cold War era. However, it has recently modernized its air force with models of Su-27-SK air superiority fighters after closer military ties, and a series of arms deals with Russia. To date, Vietnam has ordered and received 12 of these aircraft. In 2004, he also obtained four modified variants of the Su-30 MK2V, new models of the Su-27. In May 2009, they signed an agreement to get an additional 12 aircraft from Russia to increase their aging fleet. The Vietnamese Air Force has also acquired a new sophisticated air defense system, including two S-300 PMU1 (NATO designations: SA-20), SAM's short-to-high battery life in a deal worth $ 300 million with Russia.
As of June 2015, it was reported that the air force was interested in acquiring European and US planes as part of the ongoing modernization. Possible candidates include Eurofighter Typhoon, Dassault Rafale, General Dynamics F-16 and Saab Gripen E/F.
With the lifting of a US embargo on lethal weapons exports to Vietnam, the first Western deadly weapon was the Israeli medium-term SPEDER-SR/MR. The first shipment begins in 2016.
Maps Vietnam People's Air Force
Organization
Battle sequence
The Vietnamese People's Air Force organization level, from highest to lowest, is:
- Vietnamese People's Air Forces High Command
- Air Division (Vietnam: S? ÃÆ' n khÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'Â ¢ n )
- Air Regiment (Vietnam: Trung? oa n khÃÆ''ng quÃÆ'Â ¢ n )
- Air Flights (Vietnam: Phi ?? i )
- Air part (Vietnam: BiÃÆ'¡n i )
Air Division and Regimental Names from VPAFRent basic information are from VPAF Wikipedia Vietnam articles.
Airbase
Some air bases in the south were built by France, Japan * (World War II), United States Air Force or United States Navy for South Vietnam. The northern base was probably built with help and/or used by France, China, or the Soviet Union during the Vietnam War.
- KÃÆ' Â © p Air Base (VVKP)
- Bien Hoa Air Base (VVBH/VBH)
- ?? ng Airport H? i (VVDH/VDH)
- HÃÆ'²a L? c Air Base (VVHL/VHL)
- Gia Lam Airbase (VVGL/VGL)
- Anh Son Airfield
- Thanh Son Airbase (VVPR/VPR)
- Tho Xuan Airport - (VVTX) training school for Vietnamese fighter pilots.
- Truong Sa Airfield (VVSA)
- Tan Son Nhut Air Base (VVTS/SGN)
- YÃÆ'ªn BÃÆ'¡i Air Base - (VVYB) training school for Vietnamese fighter pilots.
- Cam Ranh Airport (VVCR/CXR) - open for commercial flights in 2005
- V? ng TÃÆ' u Airfield (VVVT) operates for offshore helicopter services
- C? n Th? Airfield - (VVCT/VCA) is open and upgraded to air logistics support group.
- PhÃÆ'ºc YÃÆ'ªn Air Base - Fighter Regiment 921
- Nha Trang Air Base
Aircraft
Most of the aircraft were supplied by the Soviet Union, but the remaining hundreds were left by the United States through the Republic of Vietnam, largely ceased to operate.
Current inventory
Retired
Some of the famous aircraft operated by the air force include MiG-15UTI, MiG-17F, MiG-23, American F-5 Tiger II, and A-37B Dragonfly. The hauling plane is the Dakota C-47, C-130 Hercules, An-2 Colt, and the Beriev Be-12 seaplane. The helicopters consist of Ka-25 Hormone, Mil Mi-6, Mil Mi-4, and CH-47A Chinook. Most of these aircraft have now been sold or discarded, due to lack of parts. The rapid economic development of Vietnam opened the country to foreign investment and has resulted in the acquisition of new Hanoi more modern equipment.
Armament
Air Defense
Ratings
See also
- Battle of Lima Site 85, (Northeast Laos, 12 January 1968)
- Air Force of the Republic of Vietnam
- People's Air Force Museum of Vietnam, Hanoi
- People's Air Force Museum of Vietnam, HCMC
- Colonel Nguyen Toon
Note
References
External links
- Vietnam Air-to-Air Victory
- Vietnamese As Cards
- The Vietnamese Air Force Museum
- North Vietnamese Aces Aces Ace
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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