Udham Singh (December 26, 1899 - July 31, 1940), is a revolutionary and liberated Punjab fighter who is a member of the famous Ghadar Party for killing Michael O 'Dwyer, a former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab in India, on 13 March 1940 The murder was a revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in 1919. Singh was then tried and convicted of murder and hanged in July 1940.
Udham Singh is a prominent Indian independence leader. He is sometimes referred to as Shaheed-i-Azam Sardar Udham Singh ("Shaheed-i-Azam", "Urdu:" ???? ?, means "martyrs"). A district (Udham Singh Nagar) from Uttarakhand was named after him to pay homage in October 1995 by the Mayawati government later.
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Kehidupan awal
Udham Singh was born as Sher Singh on December 26, 1899, in Sunam in the Sangrur district of Punjab, India, to a kamboj family. His father, Tehal Singh Kamboj, is a train guard crossing the village of Upalli.
After the death of his father, Singh and his older brother, Mukta Singh Kamboj, were taken by the Khist Children's Khist Center orphanage, Putlighar in Amritsar. At the orphanage, Singh was given a Sikh initiation ceremony and received the name Udham Singh Kamboj. He passed the matriculation test in 1918 and left the orphanage in 1919.
Maps Udham Singh
Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh
On April 10, 1919, a number of local leaders allied with the Indian National Congress including Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested under the Rowlatt Act. Protesters opposing the arrest were fired at by British troops, sparking unrest. On April 13, more than twenty thousand unarmed people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar to protest the move. Udham Singh and his friends from the orphanage served water for the crowd.
The army was deployed by Governor Michael O'Dwyer, under the command of Brigadier General Reginald Dyer. Dyer ordered his troops to shoot without warning to the crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh. Since the only way out is forbidden by the army, one tries to escape by climbing up a garden wall or jumping into a well for protection. An estimated 1,800 people were killed and more than 1,200 wounded. Udham Singh Kamboj is severely affected by the event. The Punjab governor, Michael O'Dwyer, had ordered the massacre, and Udham Singh asked him to be responsible. Ustadz Singh was involved in revolutionary politics and strongly influenced by Bhagat Singh and his revolutionary group. In 1924, Udham Singh became involved with the Ghadar Party, organizing Indians abroad to overthrow the colonial government. In 1927, he returned to India on the orders of Bhagat Singh, carrying 25 associates and revolvers and ammunition. Soon after, he was arrested for possession of a weapon without permission. Revolvers, ammunition, and copies of a banned Ghadar Party newspaper called "Ghadr-i-Gunj" ("Voice of Revolt") were confiscated. He was tried and sentenced to five years in prison.
After being released from prison in 1931, Singh's movement was under close surveillance by the Punjab police. He heads to Kashmir, where he can escape the police and escape to Germany. In 1934, he reached London, where he found employment as an engineer. Personally, he formed a plan to kill Michael O'Dwyer. In Singh's diary for 1939 and 1940, he sometimes mis-spelled the O'Dwyer family name as "O'Dyer", leaving the possibility that he might have confused O'Dwyer with General Dyer.
Take a photo at Caxton Hall
On March 13, 1940, Michael O'Dwyer was scheduled to speak at a meeting with the East India Association and Central Asian Society (now the Royal Society for Asian Affairs) at Caxton Hall, London. Singh hid a gun he had previously bought from a soldier at a pub in his jacket pocket, then entered the hall, and found an open seat. As the meeting ended, Singh shot O'Dwyer twice as he moved toward the talking platform. One of these bullets passed through the heart and lungs of O'Dtraer's right, and killed him almost instantly. Others wounded in the shooting include Sir Louis Dane, Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess Zetland, and Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington. Singh was arrested and tried for murder. Udham Singh believes in creating drama and excitement to attract attention. He tried to kill O'Dwyer and Zetland (who were secretaries of State affairs for India in 1919), together to draw attention to British atrocities in India.
Trial killing and execution
On April 1, 1940, Udham Singh Kamboj was formally indicted for the murder of Michael O'Dwyer, and detained in Brixton Prison. Initially asked to explain his motivation, Singh - who speaks poor English - stated: I do it because I have a grudge against him. He deserves it. I do not belong to the community or anything. I do not care. I do not mind dying. What's the point of waiting until you get old?... Is Zetland dead? He should be. I put two into him? I bought a gun from a soldier in a public house. My parents died when I was three or four years old.... Only one is dead? I think I can get more.
Pending the trial, Singh went on a 42 day hunger strike and had to be forcibly fed. On June 4, 1940, his trial began in the Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, before Justice Atkinson, with V.K. Krishna Menon and St. John Hutchison represents him. When asked about his motivation, Kamboj explained:
I do it because I have a grudge against him. He deserves it. He is the real culprit. He wants to destroy the spirit of my nation, so I have destroyed it. For 21 full years, I tried to get revenge. I am glad that I have done the job. I'm not afraid to die. I am dying for my country. I have seen my people starve in India under British rule. I have protested this, it is my duty. What greater honor can be given to me than death for my motherland?
Singh was sentenced for murder and sentenced to death. Following his belief, he addressed the judge who was ordered not to be released to the press.
On July 31, 1940, Singh was hanged in Pentonville Prison. His body was preserved in Jallianwala Bhag in Amritsar, Punjab. On every July 31, the parade was held at Sunam by various organizations and every statue of Singh in the city was donated with a bouquet of flowers.
Reaction
Although many Indians regarded Singh's actions as a response to some of the brutal aspects of British colonial rule, officially, his actions were denounced and condemned in India, with Mahatma Gandhi referring to Singh's act as "madness", which states: "Anger has made me very suffering I think of it as a mad act... I hope it will not be allowed to influence political judgment. "The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army condemned Mahatma Gandhi's statement, regarded this as a challenge for the Indian Youth. Pt Jawaharlal Nehru writes in The National Herald, The killing is regretted but sincerely hope that it will not have a broad impact on India's political future. "
In his March 18, 1940 edition, Amrita Bazar Patrika wrote, "The name O'Dwyer is connected to the Punjab incident India will never forget". The Punjab section of the Congress at the Punjab Assembly headed by the Chaman Lal Council refused to elect the Prime Minister's movement to condemn the killing. In April 1940, at the Annual Session of the All-India Congress Committee held to commemorate the 21st anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, the youth wing of the Indian National Congress Party featured revolutionary slogans in support of Singh, praising his actions as patriotic and heroic..
Singh has the support of the international press. The London Times called it a "freedom fighter", his actions "a buried expression of anger from the oppressed Indian people." Bergeret from Rome praised Singh's acts as brave. In March 1940, Indian National Congress leader Jawahar Lal Nehru condemned Singh's actions as unwarranted; however, in 1962, Nehru reversed his stance and praised Singh with the following published statement: "I salute Shaheed-i-Azam Udham Singh with the respect have kissed the rope so we can be free. "
Repatriation
In 1974, Singh's body was dug and repatriated to India at the request of MLA Sadhu Singh Thind. Thind accompanied the bodies back to India, where the coffin was received by Indira Gandhi, Shankar Dayal Sharma and Zail Singh. Udham Singh Kamboj was then cremated at his birthplace Sunam in Punjab and his ashes were scattered on the Sutlej river. Some of the ashes are stored; The remaining ash is stored in a jar covered in Jallianwala Bagh.
Ancestral House
The ancestral home of S. Udham Singh Kamboj in Sunam is still preserved, albeit with some modifications to prevent the structure from collapsing. It is located near Anand Chowk in the city. It was not a big house, but a small house with a small old wooden door. When viewed from the outside, it is ancient that is made of small old brick without a layer of cement. From the inside, it was well equipped and organized and many photos of Singh and his family hung on the wall. Also, the library has been erected inside the house where books related to it and his life are kept. Biographies on him by different authors can be found in the collection. Someone has also been hired to guide the tourists and also to take care of the place. A list is placed on a table inside the house, where the visitors fill out their details, their comments about their place and their suggestions. To date, many names and suggestions from different parts of the country and abroad have been recorded.
Legacy
- A charity dedicated to Singh operates in Soho Road, Birmingham.
- A museum dedicated to Singh is located in Amritsar, near Jallianwala Bagh.
- Singh's weapons, knives, diaries, and bullets from shootings are kept at the Black Museum of Scotland Yard. Singh has been the subject of numerous films: Jallian Wala Bagh (1977), Shaheed Uddham Singh (1977), and Shaheed Uddham Singh (2000).
- The Udham Singh Nagar district in Uttarakhand is named after Singh.
- Singh is the subject of the 1998 "Assassin" song by the Asian Dub Foundation.
- Shaheed Udham Singh Chowk at Anupgarh
- The day of his death is a public holiday in Punjab. and Haryana.
- Singh is the subject of the 2015 music video and tracks "Frank Brazil" by The Ska Vengers.
- A statue of him was installed in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar in March 2018.
References
Further reading
- Fenech, Louis E. (October 2002). "Negative Nationalism: Terraces Negotiation: Attitude Attitude Remember Udham Singh 'Shahid' (1899-1940)". Modern Asian Studies . Cambridge University Press. 36 (4): 827-870. doi: 10.1017/s0026749x02004031. JSTOR 3876476. (subscription required)
- An article about Udham Singh - Extraordinary Hero in "The Legacy of the Punjab" by R M Chopra, 1997, Bradhy Punjabee, Calcutta.
External links
- case file of British Executions related to Udham Singh
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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