The Identity Card Act of 2006 (c 15) is the Royal Convention of the Parliament which has since been revoked. It creates national identity cards, personal identification documents and travel documents of the European Union, in connection with a database known as the National Identity List ( NIR ), which has since been destroyed.
The introduction of the scheme is much debated, and the various levels of concern about the scheme are expressed by human rights lawyers, activists, security professionals and IT experts, as well as politicians. Many concerns are focused on the database underlying the identity card rather than the card itself. The law sets fifty categories of information the National Identity Register can have on any citizen, including up to 10 fingerprints, digital face scans and iris scans, current and past English and residential abroad of all UK residents throughout their lives and indexes to other Government databases (including National Insurance Numbers) - which allows them to connect. The law on the population list also says that more information can be added.
The law further says that they are updating or applying for a passport to be entered into NIR. It is expected that this will happen soon after the Identity and Passport Service (IPS), formerly the British Passport Service, began interviewing passport applicants to verify their identity.
The Conservative/Liberal Democratic Coalition formed after the 2010 election announces that the ID card scheme will be canceled. The Identity Card Act is revoked by the Identity Document Act of 2010 on January 21, 2011, and the card is no longer valid without a refund to the buyer. Foreign nationals from outside the EU, however, continue to require ID cards for use as biometric residence permits under the terms of the 2007 UK Border Act and the 2009 Border, Citizenship and Immigration Act.
Only workers in certain high security professions, such as airport workers, are required to have an ID card in 2009, and this mandatory ID deficiency remains in force today. Therefore, a driving license, especially a photocard driving license introduced in 1998, along with a passport, is now the most widely used ID document in the UK. No one in the UK is required to carry any form of ID. In everyday situations, most of the authorities, such as the police, do not carry out spot identification checks for individuals, although they may perform in some cases of arrest. Some banks will receive temporary driving licenses only from young people, the upper age limit varies from bank to bank, while others will receive it from any age.
Video Identity Cards Act 2006
Video Identity Cards Act 2006
Maps Identity Cards Act 2006
Development
Alasan pengenalan
Early attempts to introduce a voluntary identity card were made under Conservative John Major, under Home Affairs Minister Michael Howard. At the Labor party conference in 1995, Tony Blair demanded that "instead of throwing hundreds of millions of pounds on a compulsory ID card as a Tory Right request, let the money give thousands more police officers to a tap in our local community." It was included in the Conservative electoral manifesto for the 1997 general election, but the Labor Party won the election.
A proposal for ID cards, called "rights cards", was originally revived by then Home Secretary David Blunkett following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, but was reportedly opposed by the Cabinet colleagues. However, increased concerns about identity theft and misuse of public services led to a proposal in February 2002 for the introduction of the rights card to be used for social security services, and consultation papers, Fraud Rights and Identity Card , published by the Home Office on July 3, 2002. The public consultation process was followed, which resulted in the majority of submissions by organizations that supported the scheme to accurately verify a person's identity. However, it is clear that the ability to identify a person with true identity is the center of the proposed operation, with broader implications for operations against crime and terrorism.
In 2003, Blunkett announced that the government intends to introduce a "national identity card of the UK" associated with a national identity database, the National Identity Register. The proposal was included in the Queen's Speech in November 2003, although he doubted the ability of the scheme to prevent terrorism. Feedback from the consultation exercise shows that the term "rights card" is essentially softer and warmer, but less familiar and "fat", and consequently the euphemism is dropped for "identity cards".
During a private seminar for the Fabian Society in August 2005, Tony McNulty, the minister in charge of the scheme, stated "perhaps in the past the government, in enthusiasm, surpassed the benefits of identity cards", and that they "do not suggest, or at least implied, that they may be a panacea for identity fraud, for benefit fraud, terrorism, rights and access to public services ". He suggests that they should be seen as "the gold standard in proving your identity". Documentation released by the Home Office shows an analysis conducted with the private and public sectors demonstrating the benefits of the proposed ID card scheme can be quantified at £ 650 million to £ 1.1 billion per year, with a number of other strategic benefits, less quantifiable. - such as disrupting organized crime activities and terrorist groups.
Legislative progress
Bill Identity Card was included in the Queen's Speech on 23 November 2004, and was introduced to the House of Commons on 29 November.
It was first elected by Members of Parliament after the second reading of the bill on December 20, 2004, where it passed 385 votes to 93. The bill was opposed by 19 Labor MPs, 10 Conservative MPs and Liberal Democrats, while the number of Labor and Conservative abstain, which deviates from party policy. Separate vote on the proposal to reject the bill was defeated by 306 votes to 93. Charles Clarke, the new Interior Minister, had previously rejected calls to postpone the reading of the bill following his recent appointment.
The third reading of the bill in the Commons was approved on 11 February 2005 with 224 votes to 64; the majority of 160. Although in principle, the Conservative Party is officially abstained, but their 11 MPs join the 19 Labor MPs in a vote against the Government. The bill was later passed into the House of Lords, but there was not enough time to debate the issue, and the Labor Party was unable to deal with the Conservatives in the short time available in the days before Parliament was dissolved on April 11, following the announcement of the 2005 elections.
Labor manifestations for the 2005 elections state that, if returned to power, they will "introduce ID cards, including biometric data such as fingerprints, backed up by national lists and voluntarily launched initially when people renew their passports". In public speeches and on the campaign path, the Labor Party explained that they would bring the same bill back to Parliament. In contrast, the Liberal Democrat manifesto opposes the idea because, they claim, the identity card "does not work", while the Conservatives do not mention the issue.
After the 2005 election
After their 2005 election victory, the Labor Government introduced a new Identity Card bill, substantially the same as the previous bill, into the Council on 25 May. Conservatives join the Liberal Democrats in opposing the bill, saying that they did not pass their "five tests". These tests include the belief that schemes can be made to work, and their impact on civil liberties. In December 2005, the Conservatives voted for a new leader, David Cameron, who opposed KTP in principle.
The second reading of the bill on 28 June was passed, 314 votes to 283, the majority of 31.
At the third reading at the Commons on October 18, the majority of favorites fell to 25, with 309 votes in favor for 284 against. At the reporting stage between the readings, the bill was amended to prevent the National Identity Database linked to the National Computer Police.
In early 2006, the bill was passed through the stages of the House of Lords committee, in which 279 amendments were considered. One result of this is a vote demanding that the Government instruct the National Audit Office to provide the full cost of the scheme for the first ten years, and the other demands that "safe and reliable methods" to record and store data must be found.. The third defeat limits the potential identity card required before people can access public services. On January 23, the House of Lords defeated the government by supporting a fully voluntary scheme.
The committee stage ended on 30 January, and the third reading of the bill took place on February 6, after which it returned to the Commons. There, on February 18, the law was committed by a 25th majority, with 25 Labor MPs joining those who opposed it. Following the defeat at Lords, the government changed the bill to require separate rules for making compulsory cards; however, the amendment to allow for the filing of a biometric passport without having to register on the National Identity Identity database was defeated, reversing the changes of the Lords to make the bill entirely voluntary. The Lords Amendment requiring the report of the National Audit Office to be rejected.
Bill returned to the Lord on March 6, in which the Commons amendment was reversed by a majority of 61. Defeat came despite ministers warning that Lords should follow the Salisbury Convention by refraining from blocking manifesto commitments. Both the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats stated generally in 2005 that they no longer feel bound to abide by conventions, while in this particular case some Lords stated that it would not apply as manifesto commitments were for implementation on a "voluntary basis" as an updated passport, rather than required because the passport is updated.
Next sound:
- March 13: House of Commons - majority 33 for Government (310-277)
- March 15: House of Lords - majority 35 against Government (218 to 183)
- March 16: House of Commons - majority 51 for Government (292 to 241)
- March 20: House of Lords - majority 36 against Government (211 to 175)
- March 21: House of Commons - Majority 43 for Government (284 to 241)
On March 29, House of Lords voted in favor of a new plan with a majority of 227 (287 to 60). Under this scheme, everyone renewing a passport from 2008 will issue an identity card and have the details placed on the national ID card database. The government says that until 2010, people can choose not to issue cards, although they still have to pay for one, and still be placed in the database.
Bill received the Royal Assent on March 30, 2006.
Progress time and implementation
On October 11, 2006, the Labor government announced a time scale described as "very ambitious" by computer experts. The Home Office announced that it would publish an ID management action plan in the months of November 2006, followed by an agreement with the department regarding its use for the system. There are reports on the potential use of the private sector for such schemes before the 2007 Budget.
On September 25, 2006, Home Affairs Minister Liam Byrne said that "There are opportunities that give me the optimism to think that there is actually a way to exploit an existing system in a way that lowers costs substantially."
A leaked email in June 2006 showed that the plan was already in trouble, with plans for early recognition of limited registers and ID cards with reduced biometrics known as "initial variants" described as "big risks".
As the cost of developing a new system from scratch, in 2007 the Government approved an alternative plan to use the Employment and Retirement Information System of the Department of Employment and Retirement to store biographical information, related to a new database for biometric storage, despite concerns over interdepartmental governance issues, and unresolved accountability.
Schedule to include details of passport applicants and updates on the National Identity Register (NIR) was never announced. The national network of 68 interview offices for passport applicants first opened in June 2007 and is now completed. This interview mainly consists of asking the applicant to confirm the fact about themselves, which someone is trying to steal their identity may not know. The government has stated that all personal information used in the interview is not required for applications to be destroyed shortly after the passport was issued. Fingerprint not taken. Plans to take iris scans are stopped, although the Government does not rule out them as future options.
In March 2008, the Home Secretary announced that people may choose to have an identity card, passport, or both when they become available (although they can not opt ​​out of their details listed on the NIR). On November 25, 2008 the person who made the application to remain in the UK as a student or based on a marriage is required to have an identity card. Under the plan it is estimated that by the end of 2014-15 about 90% of all foreign nationals will be issued with one. On January 22, 2008, the Head Office confirmed that a large volume of cards will not be issued until 2012; however, ID cards were issued to workers at critical locations, starting with workers in the air at Manchester and London City airports in 2009, and young people offered cards in 2010.
A leaked document, published Jan. 29, 2008, suggests that "universal necessity should not be used unless it is absolutely necessary... because of the need for controversial and time consuming major legislation" but that "various forms of coercion, such as appointment of the application process to identity documents issued by UK ministers (eg passports) are an option to stimulate applications in a manageable manner ".
In January 2008 the Financial Times reported that Accenture and BAE Systems had withdrawn from the procurement process. The Fujitsu, CSC, EDS, IBM, Steria and Thales Group services are still negotiating a framework agreement with the government.
On August 1, 2008 it was confirmed that Thales Group was awarded a 4-year contract to work on the design, development, testing and operation of the National Identity Scheme.
On September 25, 2008, Jacqui Smith launched a replica of the first card issued as a residence permit for foreign nationals.
The first to receive KTP is a foreign citizen, from 25 November 2008 until the cancellation of the program. The National Identity Card for UK citizens becomes available to residents living in the Greater Manchester area on 30 November 2009. Ordinary English citizens will then be offered (voluntarily initially, but later in larger volumes) ID cards from 2011 to 2012 Home Office minister Meg Hillier said they would be a "comfortable" way for young people to prove their age when going to bars and that at  £ 30 they are cheaper than buying passports, although the total cost including processing fees is expected to be up Ã,  £ 60, more expensive than passport fees prior to the introduction of ID cards and database schemes - Conservatives and Liberal Democrats criticized the increased passport fees required for ID card schemes. In December 2009, while on his way to promote his identity card, Meg Hillier had to admit that he had forgotten the card and was unable to show it to the photographer.
Pilot scheme and partial launch
- non-EU foreign citizens on student visa or marriage/civilian visa (mandatory) - from November 2008 to cancellation of the program, non-EU foreign citizens with permission to stay UK on the basis of a student visa or marriage visa/civil partnership will, when applying for extending their stay, must apply for an identity card.
- Air industry staff (required) (canceled) - a pilot scheme involving mandatory IDs for 30,000 air industry staff, set to begin in September 2009 at Manchester and London City airports, was canceled in June 2009, after the great opposition of the union.
- Manchester United (voluntary) residents - pilot schemes open to all Greater Manchester residents, starting October 2009; which expanded to Merseyside, then the rest of North-West in early 2010. 13,200 people signed up. The Manchester Evening News revealed in 2010 that senior Whitehall officials were urged to email friends and relatives encouraging them to buy cards, due to concerns about the level of demand.
- Aviation industry staff (volunteers) - a pilot scheme involving free voluntary ID cards for air workers, beginning in November 2009 to cancellation programs at Manchester and London City airports.
- Young people open a bank account (voluntary) - in 2010 young people will be encouraged to get an identity card when opening a bank account.
- Londoners (voluntary) - is a planned pilot scheme in 2010 that is open to all Londoners.
- above the age of 16 if registered for the IPS (voluntary) bulletin update , beginning in 2010
- over the age of 16 applying for passport intended in 2011-2012, is optional, but applicant details will be entered into the National Identity List
2010 elections
During the 2010 election campaign, manifestos issued from various parties revealed that Labor is planning to continue the introduction of an identity card scheme, while all other parties promise to stop plans to issue ID cards. The Conservative Party also explicitly promises to cross out the National Identity List, while the words of some other manifestos imply that this may also be the position of the other parties.
Ending from schema
In the Conservative - Liberal Democratic Coalition Agreement following the 2010 election, the new government announced that it plans to cancel the ID card scheme, including the National Identity List (as well as the next generation biometric passports and ContactPoint databases), as part of their steps "to reverse the great erosion of civil liberties under the Labor Government and the return of state nuisance. "
In a document published in May 2010 at the Queen's Speech, the new Government announced that the abolition of the scheme would save about Ã, Â £ 86 million over the next 4 years, and avoid further Ã, Â £ 800 million in maintenance costs over the decade recovered through cost.
On May 27, 2010, the draft Identity Document Act of 2010 was issued with the aim of having it legalized into law in August 2010. The government missed this target but expected the bill to become law before the new year. The bill was adopted by the House of Commons on 15 September 2010 and received the Royal Assent on December 21, 2010. Part 1 (1) of the Identity Documents Act revokes the Identity Card Act of 2006 on January 21, 2011 (makes all ID cards invalid) and mandates destruction of all data on the National Identity List before 21 February 2011.
The register was officially destroyed on Thursday, February 10, when the last 500 hard drives containing registers were shredded in RDC in Witham, Essex.
Home Office Secretary Damian Green said: "This marks the end of the identity card scheme: dead, buried and destroyed... What we destroy today is the last element of the national identity list, which is always the most unpleasant part of the scheme."
A German banker with British and Swiss joint citizenship is arguably the last person to officially use ID cards on a flight from DÃÆ'¼sseldorf to Manchester on January 21, 2011, landed 90 minutes before the scheme was officially canceled at midnight.
Map Act Identity Card 2006
Historical and international comparison
ID cards during the World War
Identity cards were first published in England during World War I, and were abandoned in 1919. Cards were reintroduced during World War II under the 1939 National Registration Act, but were abandoned seven years after the end of the war, in 1952, in the middle widespread public outrage. But the National List, being a List of National Health Services and maintained to this day.
The World War I identity card scheme is extremely unpopular, although it is accepted in the prevailing national emergency situation. It is possible to take a small measure of how the national identity scheme was received from comments by the historian AJP Taylor in his English History, 1914-1945 , in which he described them as "contemptuous" and spoke of the Home Guard " "people for their cards.
After the Second World War, Clement Attlee's government decided to continue the scheme in the face of the Cold War and the perceived Soviet threat, though it became increasingly unpopular. In the public mind it is more and more related to bureaucratic disorder and regulation, reflected, especially, in the 1949 comedy film Passport to Pimlico. The identity card was also the subject of a famous civil liberties case in 1950. Clarence Henry Willcock, a member of the Liberal Party, refused to produce it after being stopped by the police. During the next trial he argued that the identity card has no place in peace time, the defense was rejected by the judge's court. In his subsequent appeal, Willcock v Muckle , the lower court ruling was enforced.
The protests reached Parliament, where conservatives and Liberals voiced their anger over what they saw as "socialist card indexing". After the defeat of the Labor Government in the October 1951 elections, the conservative government of Winston Churchill promised to remove the scheme, "to liberate the people", in the words of a minister. Cheers were heard when on February 21, 1952 the Minister of Health, Harry Crookshank, announced in the House of Commons that the national identity card should be removed. This is a popular move, adopted against the wishes of the police and the security services, although the decision to revoke the 1939 law is, for the most part, driven by the need for the economy. In 1952, national registration cost £ 500,000 per year (equivalent to £ 13.2 million by 2016) and required 1500 civil servants to manage it.
International comparison
Identity card
During the UK Presidency of the European Union in 2005 a decision was made to "approve the common standards for security features and safe issuance procedures for ID cards (December 2005), with agreed standards as soon as possible thereafter." In this regard, the British Presidency has submitted proposals for widespread biometric use in the EU in national ID cards. "
Australia began work on health and social services access cards, but the government elected in the 2007 federal election canceled it.
Belgium has introduced an electronic identity card or eID card from 2004 and by 2012 every citizen in Belgium must have an e-ID card for identity purposes. Variants exist for children, but it's not mandatory.
Biometrics in identity and travel documents
There has been an international step towards the introduction of biometrics into identity and travel documents. ICAO has recommended that all countries adopt biometric passports, and the United States has made it a requirement to enter the US under the visa-free program. Biometric border control systems have been established in the United States and United Arab Emirates, and the EU introduces biometric visas. However, it should be noted that, internationally, the only requirement for biometric passports is digital photographs.
System
Legal requirements
Under NIS UK Citizens who want or are required to apply for a KTP will be required to fulfill certain functions:
- Present live to have their fingerprints recorded in one of your Identities & amp; High Street Partner Passport Services.
- Immediately notify the police or Identity & amp; Passport service if the card is lost or damaged, and apply for a new card.
- Immediately inform Identity & amp; Passport Service of any change of address.
- Immediately inform Identity & amp; The Passport Service of any change of circumstances specified affects the information recorded about them in the List.
Failure to do so will mean a penalty of up to Ã, Â £ 1,000 or a short permit to stay.
National Identity List
The key to the ID Card scheme is the centralized computer database, the National Identity Register (NIR). To identify a person does not need to check their cards, because identity can be determined by taking biometric scans and matching them with database entries.
ID cards for foreign nationals are produced by Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) in Swansea on behalf of Head Office.
Identity Registration Number
One entry on the NIR is the Identity Identification Number. The Home Office has recognized that a unique identifier is required as the primary key for the database.
Benefits of House Office Identity Cards A document overview illustrates how IRN will allow data sharing between police databases (including Police DNA databases), legal databases, and even enterprise databases (including banks and travel operators).
Card type
Three types of identity cards issued:
- The National Identity Card , which is purple and salmon, is issued to UK citizens only. It contained the text of "British Citizen" and was a valid travel document for entry into the EEA and Switzerland countries until its cancellation in 2010.
- The Identification Card is turquoise and green and does not mention the nationality of the holder. It is issued to EU, EEA and Swiss citizens living in the UK (including Irish citizens living in Northern Ireland). It is also issued to certain family members of EU/EEA citizens, to UK citizens to whom certain conditions or restrictions apply, and as an additional card for persons living in two gender roles.
- Identity Cards for Foreigners are blue and pink and are issued to certain categories of immigrants from non-EU/EEA countries.
Use as travel document
Until midnight on January 21, 2011, the National ID Card was officially recognized as a valid travel document by the EEA and Switzerland, followed by the United Kingdom which ordered the immigration authorities in it to stop accepting it as a valid travel document. It has also become accepted voluntarily by a number of other European countries but its current validity in these additional countries remains unclear, given that the subsequent acceptance and rejection by these countries has never been mandated by the United Kingdom through EU or EEA channels. This is the only valid travel document for use by UK residents throughout the EEA and Switzerland, other than a valid British citizen passport or a pink Gibraltar identity card. The exception to this is for a trip to Ireland. All British citizens are entitled to enter Ireland without the need to bring valid travel documents, due to the Common Travel Area agreement.
- The European Union
- Ã, Iceland (EEA)
- Ã, Liechtenstein (EEA)
- Ã, Norwegian (EEA)
- Switzerland
This becomes accepted also by:
- Ã, Albanian
- Ã, Andorra "Any travel document recognized by France or Spain"
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Croatia
- Ã, Faroe Islands
- Macedonia
- Monaco
- Ã, Montenegro
- Ã, Morocco (only for tours organized by travel agents for groups of more than three people)
- San Marino
- Serbian
- Vatican City
It was also accepted as a travel document to enter the British Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories:
- Ã, Gibraltar Part of the EU
- Ã, Guernsey Part of the Public Travel Area - no travel document needed to enter from the UK. (NB: Air travel requires photo-ID for flight security purposes.)
- Ã, Man Island Part of the Public Travel Area - no travel documents required for entry from the UK. (NB: Air travel requires photo-ID for flight security purposes.)
- Ã, Jersey Part of the Public Travel Area - no travel documents required for entry from the UK. (NB: Air travel requires photo-ID for flight security purposes.)
All other territories abroad require a fully valid passport. Of the two countries closest to Britain to not accept UK, Ukraine and Belarusian ID cards, the latter requires not only passports but also for UK citizens to obtain visas in advance (unless entering and leaving via Minsk airport and staying for max 5 days ).
Controversially, some travel companies initially refused to take passengers with the UK National Identity Card.
Reaction
The announcement of the scheme has seen mixed reaction from the public and from figures related to terrorism and law enforcement.
Public reaction
Over a period of time, public opinion, as measured by opinion polls, appears to have shifted from support for the scheme to the opposition. This seems to have been a concern since the disclosure of the loss of 25 million records by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.
In 2003, the announcement of the scheme was followed by public consultation exercises, especially among 'stakeholder groups'. In March 2003 the government declared that the overall results were:
- support: 2606 responses (61%)
- to: 1587 responses (38%)
- neutral: 48 responses (1%)
In July 2006, an ICM poll showed that public support had fallen to 46%, with opposition at 51%.
A further poll by YouGov/Daily Telegraph, published on 4 December 2006, indicated support for the 50% identity card element of the scheme, with 39% opposed. Support for national databases is weaker, with 22% happy and 78% unhappy with their recorded data prospects. Only 11% trust the government to keep data confidential. 3.12% of samples were prepared to serve a longer prison term than having a card.
Terrorism and crime
Eliza Manningham-Buller, former head of Britain's counter-intelligence and security agency MI5, is a supporter of identity cards, such as Sir Ian Blair, former Metropolitan Police Commissioner and predecessor Sir John (now Lord) Stevens. The Association of Chiefs of Police also supports.
However, in November 2005 Dame Stella Rimington, who was Director General of MI5 before Eliza Manningham-Buller, questioned the usefulness of the proposed scheme. This intervention caused much controversy among supporters and opponents of the scheme, mainly because Manningham-Buller stated that ID cards would in fact interfere with terrorist activities, noting that a large number of terrorists took advantage of the weaknesses of current identification methods to aid their activities.
Lord Carlile was appointed following the September 11 attacks in New York and Washington in 2001 to independently review the work of the Terrorism Act 2000 and subsequent anti-terrorist laws. Speaking on GMTV on January 29, 2006, he expressed his views on the proposed legislation, saying that ID cards can be of limited value in the fight against terrorism but Parliament should assess that value against restrictions on civil liberties. Speaking on the same program, Lord Stevens of Kirkwhelpington, former Commissioner of Met Police, argued in favor of the need for an identity card, saying they had the benefit of handling serious crimes, such as money laundering and identity theft. Minnesota received one Real ID extension, but will soon need... "src =" http://i0.wp.com/imgstorage.ga/wp-contents/uploads/2018/06/KDMkS5.jpg Minnesota style gets one Real ID extension but will soon need others... ">
Objection to schema
Cost
Independent studies including one by the London School of Economics have stated that the cost could reach up to £ 12 billion to Ã, £ 18 billion. The reliability of this study was challenged by the Labor Government which denied some of the assumptions used in the calculations, such as the need to retrieve biometric information every 5 years. The government is of the opinion that this assumption has not been supported by any research in the London School of Economics report, and the biometric experts cited in the LSE report have tried to distance themselves from their findings. The government also claims that the authors of these estimates are established against the scheme and can not be regarded as an unbiased academic source.
Tony McNulty, the Home Office minister responsible for the scheme, responded by saying the "limit" fee would be announced in October 2005. There were indications that the Labor Government was looking for ways to subsidize the scheme by charging other Government Departments, with the implication that this would result increased costs for other Government services to individuals or businesses.
After the 2005 election, the Home Office said it would cost £ 584 million a year to run the scheme. In October 2006, the Government said it would cost  £ 5.4bn to run ID card schemes for the next 10 years. In May 2007, the Home Office estimated an increase in cost of Ã,  £ 400 million to Ã,  £ 5.3 billion, a revised figure in November 2007 to Ã, £ 5.612 billion.
The Labor Government abandoned plans for a new computer giant system to run a national identity card scheme. Instead of a single system worth billions of pounds, information is held in three separate separate databases.
Estimates from Home Office place a 10-year passport fee and an ID card package at £ 85, while after the 2005 elections in May 2005 they issued a revised number over Ã, Â £ 93, and announced that a standalone ID card would cost $ 30 In 2009, it was announced that retailers will collect fingerprints and photographs, and that they will be able to charge for this, which means that the total cost for a standalone ID card is expected to be up to Ã, Â £ 60.
Effectiveness
Home Secretary David Blunkett later stated in 2004 that the card would stop people using multiple identities and increase the fight against terrorism and organized crime. However, the rights group Liberty denies this, suggesting that the existence of another form of ID card in Spain did not prevent the Madrid train bombing.
However, Blunkett then made a significant U-turn. In his opening speech to Infosecurity Europe on April 27, 2009, he withdrew from the concept of a full National Identity Database for every citizen, saying it would be enough to improve the passport verification.
His successor, Charles Clarke, said that ID cards "can not stop the attack", after the London bombing of July 7, 2005, and added that he doubted it would prevent cruelty. However, he feels that on the balance between protecting civil liberties and preventing crime, ID cards will help rather than deter.
Ethnic minorities
Assessment of Equality of Government Race Equality shows significant concerns among ethnic groups about how Police will use their powers under the Identity Card Act 2006, with 64% of black respondents and 53% of Indian respondents having expressed concern, particularly about the potential for abuse and discrimination.. In their January 2005 report on the bill, the Race Equality Commission states that the fear of discrimination is not misinterpreted or exaggerated, and note that this is also an ongoing problem in Germany, the Netherlands and France.
CRE is also concerned that disproportionate requirements by employers and authorities for ethnic minorities to identify themselves can lead to a two-tier structure among racial groups, with foreign nationals and ethnic minorities feeling compelled to register whilst British white people do not.
According to CRE, certain groups that move frequently and who tend to live on low incomes (such as Gypsy, travelers, asylum seekers and refugees) will risk being criminalized under the law for not renewing their registration every time they move due to lack of funds for pay the fees that may be charged.
Concerns raised by the Information Commissioner
In a press release on July 30, 2004, Richard Thomas's Office of the Information Commission stated that NIR enhanced data protection and personal privacy. He sought clarification on why so much personal information needs to be kept as part of the formation of individual identities and shows concerns about the various agencies that will see the record of services that individuals use. Commissioners also indicate that those who renew or apply for a driver's license or passport must be automatically added to the National Identity List, and thus will lose the option of not registering. He then stated: "My anxiety is that we are not sleeping in a surveillance society." In February 2003, on BBC Radio 4's Today program, he warned that ID cards could become targets of identity theft by organized crime.
Human rights
On 2 February 2005, the Joint Committee of the British Parliament for Human Rights questioned the compatibility of the bill with Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (the right to respect personal life) and Article 14 (right to non-discrimination), both summarized in the Right Law Human Rights 1998.
Creep feature
Even without the new constitution, the Identity Card Act of 2006 allows the potential scope of the scheme to be much greater than that typically published by the Government.
For example, Gordon Brown is reportedly "planning a massive expansion of ID card projects that will expand daily life surveillance by allowing high-street companies to share confidential information with police databases." Francis Elliott reports on developments for The Independent noting that "police can be notified as soon as the person is searched using a biometric-enabled cash card or even entering a building through an iris-scan door".
National War Registration Card wartime evolved from 3 functions to 39 at the time of deletion.
Concerns also arise following Tony Blair's response to an identity card petition stating that the fingerprint list will be used to compare large-scale population fingerprints to a record of 900,000 unsolved crimes. Opposition lawmakers claim that the use of biometric data in this way would directly violate the promise given during the Commons debate that there would be adequate protection preventing the use of ID card data for "fishing expeditions".
Database access and span
Home Office estimates envisage that "265 government departments and as many as 48,000 accredited private sector organizations" will have access to the database, and that 163 million more or more identity verifications will occur each year. However, IPS has stated that only the data required for the passport will be stored and that the organization that has permission to access data stored in the Registry can only do so by individual permission, except to prevent or investigate a crime.
Individuals who are vulnerable
CRE also recommends that more work be needed to protect the interests of vulnerable individuals. For example, a person who escapes domestic violence or forced marriage may be at risk if the name or previous address is disclosed. Minister Meg Hillier, in a letter to The Spectator magazine, claims that since ID cards do not have a person's address in them, it will protect someone's privacy in a way that is not currently available.
Identity theft
In May 2005, Tony Blair said "ID Cards are required to stop the rising cost of identity theft". However, security experts claim that placing confidence in one document can make identity theft easier, as only this document needs to be targeted.
Technology
Elsewhere, doubts remain about the practicality of the scheme. Existing government systems are not suitable to be issued to UK citizens from 2009.
The face recognition software test from 2006 showed an error rate of up to 52 percent for disabled people.
Cards can stop multiple credit cards from working properly, when stored in the same wallet.
Opposition campaign
In May 2006, NO2ID launched the "Update for Freedom" campaign, urging passport holders to renew their passports in the summer of 2006 to postpone inclusion in the National Identity List. This follows the comments made by Charles Clarke in the House of Commons that "anyone who feels strong enough about the relationship [between passport and ID scheme] does not want to be issued with an ID card at an early stage will be free to give up the existing passport and apply for a new passport before appointment orders come into effect ".
In response, the Home Office said it was "difficult to see what would be achieved, other than incurring unnecessary costs" by renewing the passport earlier. However, the cost of the passport was Ã, Â £ 51 at the time, then increased in 2006 and 2007 to Ã, Â £ 72 and would increase to Ã, Â £ 93 after the introduction of the ID card.
On November 14, 2007, the NO2ID opposition group called for financial donations of 11,360 people who had pledged to contribute to a battle fund against the law. The organization plans to challenge the planned legal instruments to be brought in to activate ID card schemes.
Baroness Williams and Nick Clegg said in 2007 that they would take part in civil disobedience campaigns by refusing to register identity cards, or attending photography sittings.
Scotland
Although the passport policy and the National Identity Scheme were not the fields submitted to the Scottish Government, on 19 November 2008 the Scottish Parliament voted against the ID card scheme, silently opposed the government's motion, and only Scottish federal workers abstained. In 2005, the coalition government of the Liberal Democratic Labor Party had previously stated that "proposals for ID card schemes are limited to the policy areas reserved", and that ID cards will not be required to access devolution services in Scotland, e.g. health, education, legal system and transportation.
However, a similar Scottish National Debt Card has been introduced.
Northern Ireland
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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