The First Continental Congress Declaration and Settlement (also known as The Colonial Declaration of Rights , or Declaration of Rights ), is a statement adopted by the First Continental Congress on dated 14 October 1774, in response to the Tolerant Act passed by the British Parliament. The Declaration outlines colonial objections to the Unsolateral Act, which lists the draft colonial rights law, and provides a detailed list of complaints. It is similar to the Declaration of Rights and Complaints, passed by the Stamp Act Congress a decade earlier.
The declaration concludes with an outline of the Congressional plan: to enter the British trade boycott (Continental Association) until their complaints are corrected, to publish addresses to the British and British Americans, and to send a petition to the King..
Behind the Boston Tea Party, the British government imposed a Coercion Act, called the Unsolicited Deed in the colonies. There are five Acts in the Story of Not Intolerant; Boston Harbor Act, Massachusetts Government Law, Justice Law Administration, Quartering Act, and Quebec Act. These actions place stronger laws on the colonies, especially in Massachusetts, changing the judicial system in the colonies, making the occupiers provide for quartering permanent British troops, and extending the borders of Quebec. The colonies became angry at the implementation of this law because they felt it was limiting their rights and freedoms. Angry delegates from the colony united to share their grievances at the First Continental Congress at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia on 5 September 1774 to determine whether the colony should, or be interested in taking action against the British. All colonies except Georgia send delegates to this conference. The First Continental Congress produced five resolutions, one of which was the Declaration and Completion of the First Continental Congress:
Since the last war closing, the British parliament, which claims power, the right, to bind the American people to the law in all cases, in some actions, expressly imposes taxes on them, and in other countries, under various attendances, the purpose of increasing revenues, has been imposed tariffs and duties paid in these colonies, forming the board of commissioners, with unconstitutional power, and expanding the jurisdiction of the admiralty courts, not only to collect those duties but for the trials that only appear in in the body of a county:
As a result of other laws, the judges, who previously only held the plantations at their disposal, were made dependent on the crown only for their salaries, and the standing forces in peace:
Recently completed in parliament, that by the force of a law, made in the thirty-fifth year of the reign of King Henry the 8th, the colonists could be transported to England, and tried there on charges of betrayal and mismanagement, or concealment. from treason committed in the colonies, and by late laws, such tribunals have been directed in the cases mentioned above:
In the last session of parliament, three laws were made; entitled, "an act to discontinue, in such manner and for the time mentioned above, the landing and use, shipment or delivery of goods, goods and merchandise, in the city, and within the port of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts -Bay in New England; - another entitled, "An act to govern the Massachusetts-Bay provincial government in New England; - and others entitled, "An act for impartial court administration, in the case of persons questioned for any action committed by them in the exercise of law, or for the suppression of riots and disorder, in the province of Massachusetts -Bay in New England ; - and other laws are then made, "to make more effective provisions for the provincial government of Quebec, etc. - All irresponsible, unfair, and cruel, and unconstitutional, and most dangerous and damaging laws of American rights:
Sessions have often been dissolved, contrary to the rights of the people, as they seek to deliberate complaints; and their dutiful, humble, faithful and reasonable petition to the crown for redress, have been repeatedly treated with contempt, by the minister of the State Your Highness: Good people from some New Hampshire, Massachusetts-Bay, Rhode Island colonies and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Newcastle, Kent and Sussex in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina and South-Carolina, are wary of this arbitrary and administrative process , has elected several times, was formed, and appointed deputies to meet, and sit in the General Congress, in the city of Philadelphia, to obtain such formation, such that their religion, law, and freedom, can not be subverted: Where the appointed deputies are now assembled, in full and free representation of these colonies, with the most serious consideration, the best way to achieve the aforementioned objectives, first of all, as o the British, their ancestors in the usual cases have been committed, to affirm and defend their rights and freedoms, DECLARE,
That the population of British colonies in North America, by the eternal law of nature, the principles of the British constitution, and some charters or compacts, has the following RIGHT:
Video Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
Settlement Annotations
They are entitled to life, freedom, and property, and they have never given any sovereign power the right to be disposed of without their consent.
Completed, N.C.D. 2. That our ancestors, who first settled in these colonies, at the time of their emigration from the first lady, were entitled to all the rights, liberties, and immunities of free and natural subjects, within the territory of England.
Completed, N.C.D. 3. That with such emigration they never lose, surrender, or lose those rights, but that they, and their descendants now, are entitled to the exercise and enjoyment of all of them, as they local circumstances and others allow them to exercise and enjoy.
This solution is related to the status of colonials as British citizens since their emigration from various European countries. Since the initial settlement, both under local law and then Imperial law, the foreign invaders are entitled and granted the same rights as other native-born English subjects, and this same treatment shall proceed. This refers to the termination of their rights under the Plantation Act of 1740 in December 1773, around the same time as the Boston Tea Party and before the part of the Story of Intolerance. The colonists see this as limiting their freedom, their ability to grow, and putting them at a lower political and social level than the British citizens. Just as, this settlement controversially indicates that the colonial interpretation of their rights has been underestimated for years, and also recently before the opening of the Continental Congress.
Completed, 4. That the foundations of British freedom, and of all free governments, are the right in society to participate in their legislative councils: and as British colonists are not represented, and from local and other situations, can not be well represented in the British parliament, they are entitled to the power of free and exclusive legislation in some of their provincial legislatures, where their right to represent can be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal governance, subject only to the negative of sovereignty they are, in the way they are used and used: But, out of case needs, and taking into account the common interests of both countries, we are happy to approve such an operation. British parliamentary acts, such as those bonfide, are retained on our external trade regulations, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantage of the entire empire to the mother country, and the commercial merits of their respective members; excluding any idea of ​​internal or external taxation, to increase income on the subject, in America, without their consent.
The colonists had no direct representation in the British Parliament, and felt that the government could not place taxes on the colonists unless they had representation in the government. The colonists did not want the tax imposed on them to raise money for the British government when they had no vote in the tax legislature. In fact, the British applied these taxes to increase the income lost in the French and Indian Wars, and also the colonies were subject to the fact that the British felt their loyalty wavered. The colony slogan for this problem is "No taxation without representation" This is for the debate of who the individual who created this phrase. Different sources say it was Patrick Henry in 1750, while others say it was Jonathan Mayhew (also in 1750)
Completed, N.C.D. 5. That the colonies are each entitled to the common law of England, and more particularly to the extraordinary and invaluable privileges to be tried by their colleagues of the vicinage, in accordance with the course of that law.
In the Judicial Administration Act it was made law that the colonists should be tried in British courts for crimes, and British soldiers accused of crimes could be tried in British courts. The colonists called this an "act of murder" because they felt the soldiers could have escaped murder by fleeing when they had to go to England to stand trial. This resolution illustrates the request of the colonists that they are tried in their own courts for crimes committed in the colony.
Completed, N.C.D. 6. That they are entitled to the benefit of British law as it was at their time of occupation; and that they have, by experience, each found to be applicable to some local and other circumstances.
Completed, N.C.D. 7. That this, Her Majesty colonies, are also entitled to all immunities and privileges granted and confirmed to them by the royal charter, or guaranteed by some of their provincial law codes.
It decides to state that the colonists are entitled to the rights set forth in their individual colony charter, and since colonization. This is important for colonial rights because it relates to the question of colonial legislative rights, as opposed to the monarchy over the colony. This document states that colonial rights can not be changed too much, because the colonial charter should be respected.
Completed, N.C.D. 8. That they have the right to peaceful assembly, consider their grievances, and petition the king; and that all prosecution, proclamation of the ban, and commitment to the same, are illegal.
The purpose of this settlement is to defuse tensions and colonies by ensuring they have the right to collect and petition the king, in the form of a correspondence committee. The correspondence committee was formed in the period between 1772 and 1774 as a way for colonists and colonial leaders to express their grievances against the King.
Completed, N.C.D. 9. That keeping troops in these colonies, in peace, without the consent of the colonies legislature, where the troops are kept, is against the law.
The above resolution was included in the First Continental Congress Declaration and Settlement because Britain had permanently deployed troops in Massachusetts in 1768. The colonists were angry that these troops should be divided in their homes, fed with their food, and showed blatant distrust of the British and raised control in the colonies.
Completed, N.C.D. 10. It is indispensable for good governance, and becomes so important by the British constitution, that the constituent branches of the legislature must be independent of each other; that, therefore, the exercise of the legislative power in some colonies, by the designated councils, during pleasure, by the crown, is unconstitutional, dangerous and undermines the freedom of American legislation.
All and each of the above deputies, on behalf of themselves, and their constituents, make claims, requests, and insist, because their rights and freedoms, which can not be legally taken from them, are altered or summarized by any power , without their own consent, by their representatives in some of their provincial legislatures.
In the process of our investigation, we found many violations and violations of the above rights, which, from a strong desire, that alignment and reciprocal relationships of affection and interest can be restored, we pass by for the time being, and continue to declare such acts and actions that have been adopted since the last war, showing the system established to enslave America.
This ruling was created to prosecute and declare that the colonial legislature could not be controlled by a council designated by the crown, but by the colonists and their own elected leaders. The addition of this resolution is increasingly demanding colonial independence by putting additional control in the hands of the colonial government.
Completed, N.C.D. That the following parliamentary action is a violation and violation of the rights of the colonists; and that their deprivation is essentially necessary, to restore harmony between Great Britain and the American colonies, ie.
Some Stories 4 George III. ch. 15, and ch. 34. 5 George III. ch. 25. 6 George III. ch. 52. 7 George III. ch. 41, and ch. 46. ​​â € <â € <8 George III. ch. 22, who impose duties for the purpose of raising income in America, extending the powers of admiralty courts beyond their ancient boundaries, stripping the subject of American courts by a jury, endorsing a judge's certificate to indemnify the prosecutor for damage, that he may otherwise be responsible, the oppressive security of the ship's claimant and confiscated goods, before he is allowed to defend his property, and subversive to American rights.
Also 12 Geo. I, I, I. ch. 24, intituled, "An act of better securing the shipyards, magazines, ships, ammunition, and shops of his," which declared a new offense in America, and deprived American subjects of constitutional proceedings by the juries of the vicinage, by endorsing the proceedings any person accused of any offense described in the act, out of the world, to be indicted and tried for the same in every shire or county in the kingdom.
Also three actions were passed in the last session of parliament, to stop ports and block the port of Boston, to change the charter and government of Massachusetts-Bay, and what is entitled, "Action to be better." administration of justice, etc. "
Also the action passed in the same session to establish Roman Catholicism, in the province of Quebec, abolished the fair legal system of the United Kingdom, and established tyranny there, with great danger (of total religious, legal and administrative inequalities) the adjacent English colonists, with the help of blood and property whose conquest of the country was conquered from France.
Also action passed in the same session, to better provide a suitable place for the officers and soldiers in his majesty service, in North America.
Also, that keeping troops stationed in some of these colonies, in peacetime, without the consent of the legislature of the colony, where the army was guarded, violated the law.
The final completion in this document refers to all acts that can not be tolerated, and states that under the First Continental Congress Declaration and Settlement, they are banned and illegal. Anger over the Story of Intolerance is no secret to the British government, and the issue of taxation without representation is voiced aloud, but this settlement questions the authority of the royal and parliamentary rulers in the colonies.
Maps Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
Reaction to the First Continental Congress Declaration and Settlement
In Britain
At this time in history, the colonies seemed unhappy with the British monarchy and parliament. Despite the obvious tension between the groups, King George did not waver or surrender to colonial demands. He intended to keep the political unity between the colonies and the British even at the expense of the colonists' happiness. The famous King George told Prime Minister Lord North "Dadu is now cast, the colonies must bow down or win." This sentiment continued after the publication of the First Continental Congress Declaration and Settlement, as he would not negotiate with them.
Reacting to the Declaration, Samuel Johnson published a pamphlet titled Taxation No Tyranny , questioned the colonists' right to self-rule and asked, "How can we hear the loudest scream for freedom among nigger drivers?"
Under Colony
The First Continental Congress Declaration and Settlement has many goals. Among those in favor of achieving full autonomy from England, it served to awaken their passion together toward gaining independence. For those who are on the fence about supporting or opposing American independence, this document, outlining all the King's faults, could change their support for the King. Additionally, before this document was released, the purpose of the Continental Congress was to discuss complaints, but after publication, American opinion changed from wanting respect and recognition of the crown, to wishing to be separated from the first lady. Not all Americans feel this way, there are many loyalists who want to remain part of the British Empire, especially in the South, but public opinion is changing.
References
External links
- Full text of the First Continental Congress Declaration and Completion
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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