Child benefits (child support) is social security payments distributed to parents or guardians of children, teenagers and, in some cases, young adults. A number of different countries operate different versions of the program. In most countries, child support has been tested and the amount of child support usually depends on the number of children it has.
Video Child benefit
Ketentuan pembayaran
A number of conditional cash transfer programs in Latin America and Africa link payments to recipient actions, such as enrolling children to school, and health and vaccination checks. In the UK, in 2011 CenterForum proposes additional child support depending on parenting activities.
Maps Child benefit
Australia
In Australia, child support payments are now called Family Tax Benefits. Family Tax Benefit is the income tested and associated with the Australian Income tax system. This can be claimed as a two-week payment or as an annual sum. This debt is payable for dependent children up to 24 years of age. Children 16 years of age or older may choose to receive Youth Allowance. Parents of dependent children under the age of 16 may also be eligible for Income Support Payments including Parent Payments and Newstart Allowances for Children's Elevator.
On July 1, 2000, the Australian government introduced major changes to the tax system including the introduction of a broad Goods and Services Tax (VAT), large income tax cuts, as well as major changes to family assistance.
These changes to family assistance simplify payments, combining different forms of assistance, and also provide higher levels of assistance, with reduced rates of withdrawal of income tests. This new structure combines the twelve types of existing aid into three new aid programs. Two of the most important of these are Family Tax Benefit Part A, which helps the general cost of raising children, and Family Tax Benefit Part B, which is directed to single income and single parent families. The third program is Child Care Benefit.
Family Tax Benefit Part A is payable for dependent children up to age 20, and for full-time students who are dependent to 24 years of age (who are not earning a Youth Benefit or similar payments such as ABSTUDY and Veteran Children's Education Supplement). This is basically a two-tiered but integrated payout addressed to most families with children, with higher levels for low-income families, including those who work and receive income support.
The maximum rate is paid to the family income of $ 28,200, and then deducted 30 cents for each additional dollar of income, until a minimum level is reached. Partial payments at the minimum level are available up to a $ 73,000 family income (plus an additional $ 3,000 for each dependent child after the first). Payments are then deducted 30 cents in each dollar for the amount until the payment reaches zero.
To receive Part A Family Tax Benefit Part, the maximum income rate is $ 76,256 a year for families with one dependent child under 18 and $ 77,355 a year for families with one dependent 18 to 24 years. This threshold is revoked by $ 6,257 for each additional dependent child under 18 and $ 7,356 for each supplement depending on 18 to 24 years.
Families who receive Family Tax Allowance Part A may also qualify for additional payments, such as Rent Assistance if renting in person, Great Family Plus for four or more children, and Double Birth Benefits for three or more children born during the same birth.
Family Tax Benefit Part B provides additional assistance to single income families including single parents - especially families with children under 5 years of age. In pairs, if the income of secondary seekers is above $ 1,616 per year, payments are reduced by 30 cents for each additional dollar of income. The parent accepts therefore some Family Tax Benefit Part B if the secondary search earnings are under $ 10,416 a year if the youngest child is under 5 years old, or $ 7,786 a year if the youngest child is between 5 and 18 years old. There is no income test on the main income earner, so in the case of a single parent the payment is universal.
Previous entries refer to Youth and Parenting Payment allowances. This is a revenue support payment for young people and for parents who do not work and take care of their children.
Canada
Canadian Child Support (CCB) is a tax-free monthly payment given to eligible families to assist them with the cost of raising a child under 18. The basic benefits for July 2016 through June 2018 are calculated as:
- 6,400 CAD per year (533,33 CAD per month) for each eligible child under 6 years of age.
- 5,400 CAD per year (450,00 CAD per month) for every eligible child aged 6 to 17 years.
This amount is reduced for families with adjusted family net income (AFNI) more than $ 30,000, based on AFNI and the number of children.
Finnish
The child support scheme was introduced to Finland in 1948 by law. Since 1920 there is a child support allowance that includes state workers with children. In 1948, this benefit became universal following the example of other Nordic countries. Benefits are payable to children until they are 17 years old, and are only paid for children living in Finland. There are also supplements for single parents. Benefits are paid through the Finnish National Social Insurance Agency (KELA). ÃÆ'â € | The land islands have different schemes.
Hungarian
In Hungary there is some form of family support. Every person who has a work permit and live permanently in Hungary is eligible for almost all of them.
Family allowance
One of them is called the family allowance ( Hungarian: csalÃÆ'¡di pÃÆ'³tlÃÆ'Â © k ) that corresponds to social programs in other countries with the name child allowance . The amount depends on the number of children. For families with one child, 12,200 HUF, for families with two children 13,300 HUF and for families with three or more children, 16,000 HUF per child per month per parent. For single parents (parents raising their own children) the amount of family allowances is 1,500 HUF more in the first and second categories and 1,000 HUF more in the third category. Family allowances are paid up to the age of 18 or to complete secondary education. For children with disabilities, the number is 23,300 HUF and for disabled children from single parents is 25,900 HUF.
If a child loses more than 50 hours of unlicensed schooling, the family allowance will be suspended until the child fulfills his/her school attendance properly. In the case of pre-school children, family allowance will be suspended in case of unfair absence exceeding 20 education days.
According to some sources, the government plans to increase child support. But there has been no official declaration on the matter.
Family tax benefits
The other is called the family tax benefit Hungarian: csalÃÆ'¡di adÃÆ'³kedvezmÃÆ' Ã… © ny ) which is a tax deduction for families accordingly with the number of children living in the household. The amount can be a maximum of 10,000 HUF for parents with one child, 15,000 HUF for parents with two children and 33,000 HUF for parents with three or more children per month per parent. There is no difference between single and double households or between families with one or two elderly people employed.
People get family allowance and family tax benefits at the same time, so it's also common to count them together as some kind of child support .
ireland
Child Benefit ( Sochar LeanaÃÆ' ) is paid to parents of children under the age of 16, or under 18 if they are in full-time education, Youthreach training or have a disability. Payments are paid by the Department of Social Protection. Monthly payments are as follows:
Double birth is a special case. In the case of twins, 150% of monthly payments are paid for each child. Triplets, or more, are paid at a double rate (200%) each; provided that all of them remain eligible (ie continuing education until 19). In addition, a special 'once-paid' grant of EUR635 is payable for all twin births. Further 'occasional' grants from EUR635 are payable when the children are 4 and 12 years old.
Child Benefit Fraud Claims are treated very seriously, and can result in large fines or imprisonment up to 3 years.
Japanese
New Zealand
New Zealand has a tax rebate system known as 'Working for Families', which is allocated to families based on income and number of children. A report in 2012 by the children's commissioner Dr. Russell Wills recommends New Zealand adopt universal child support, which is rejected by the Government.
South Korea
Starting September 2018, every Korean family with a child between 0-5 will receive 100,000 won per month in cash transferred to a parent bank account from the Korean government. Exceptions exist for the richest 10% that will be excluded from these benefits (although the actual percentage of the excluded family will be close to 6%).
The cutting line for the top 10 richest families to be excluded from child support 2018 is as follows:
Swedish
After World War I, many countries were left with a diminished population. In an attempt to solve this problem, Sweden initiated a program called "family allowance". This is a government fund given to families with children to encourage them to give birth to more children and increase birth rates.
Today, guardians of all children aged 15 years or younger, are given child support from 1,050 Swedish kronor per month.
The Alva and Gunnar Myrdal couples have played a very influential role in Swedish society. Alva received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982 and Gunnar received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1974. Their book "Kris i befolkningsfrings" (The Crisis in the Population Development) was published in 1934. This illustrates a very dark picture of Sweden. Population growth will turn negative and Sweden is filled with most parents. This book has an important influence and in 1937 child allowances were introduced for poor mothers.
In 1948, child support was extended to all families and then SEK 260 per year or SEK 22 per child and month. The milk price is then SEK 0.30 per liter so the monthly allowance value is 72 liters of milk per month. - Contribution is quite significant. Using the consumer price index, in 2010 its value will be SEK 383 per month and child.
In 2001, child support increased as the number of children increased. The number of children born per mother has decreased and the mortality rate in Sweden as can be seen from the figure below. Regarding the decision of 1948 a woman was interviewed by Radio Sweden, Ny. Persson. He has 13 children and one has died. The reporter asked what he would do with the money. Three of her children went to school and they needed clothes. Maybe she will save some child support if the children will learn more. He will not use money for luxury like a bicycle. She was not planning on spending money on herself. One of the heads of child support systems was born in 1948 and he believes that there is very little corruption in the system.
United Kingdom
The minimum wage was introduced in Great Britain in 1909 for industries with certain low wages and expanded to various industries, including farm laborers, in 1920. However, in 1920, family allowances targeted at low-income families were an alternative method, suggested by reformers , to reduce poverty without disrupting the labor market. The trade unions and the Labor Party adopted this view. In 1945, family allowances were introduced; the minimum wage fades from view. Talk back in the 1970s, but in the 1980s the ministry of Thatcher confirmed that he would not receive a national minimum wage. Finally, with the return of Labor to power, the National Minimum Wage Act of 1998 sets a minimum wage of Ã, Â £ 3.60 per hour, with a lower rate for younger workers. This greatly affects workers in the industry of high turnover services such as fast food restaurants, and people from ethnic minority backgrounds.
The system was first implemented in August 1946 as a "family allowance" under the 1945 Family Law of Atmosphere, at level 5 s (= Ã, Ã, Â £ 0.25) per week per child in the family, except for the oldest. It was raised from September 1952, by Family Allowance and National Insurance Act 1952, up to 8 months, and from October 1956, by the Family Allowances Act and the By- National Insurance Act 1956, up to 8 s for a second child with 10 s (= Ã, Â £ 0.50) for the third and subsequent children.
In 1955, about 5,000,000 allowances were paid, to about 3,250,000 families.
It was modified in 1977, with payments called "child support" and granted for the eldest as well as younger children; in 1979, it was worth  £ 4 per child per week. In 1991, the system was increasingly altered, with higher payments now being given to the first child than to their younger siblings. In October 2010, the Conservative-Liberal Democratic coalition government announced that Child Benefits will be withdrawn from households that have higher taxpayers than January 2013.
After some controversy, this was changed so that every household with at least one person with a prescribed income of over £ 50,000 would lose Child Benefit with a taper removed at all when earnings reached Ã, Â £ 60,000. This goes into effect on January 7, 2013.
Today, child support is managed by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Starting April 2015, this is £ 20.70 per week for the first child (including the oldest of twin births) and Ã, £ 13.70 per week for each additional child.
Comparison in Europe
(*) The following numbers can not be compared directly due to different prerequisites and taxation systems.
(**) The purpose of child support in Germany is to ensure that the subsistence level for a child is not taxed as required by the Constitution. Therefore, child support is quite high. When the tax at the subsistence level is reduced, an average of 50 euros per child remains, depending on parental income and the rate of taxation. For low-level income, savings are the highest; the rate around the taxable income is around 70,000 euros when there are 3 children.
(***) Belgium has supplements depending on the social status of the parents (pensions, not working, unauthorized). Parents receive benefits until the child reaches the age of 25, provided that the child is enrolled in higher education.
See also
- Baby Bonus
- Decline? ei
- Excess human population
- Parent Leave
- Tax for not having children
- Taxation in the United Kingdom
- British labor law
- The cost of raising a child
- Elterngeld
Note
References
External links
- UK HMRC child benefit page
- Child Benefit
- EntitledTo.co.uk
- Birth control economy
- Comparison of Child Benefits in 22 countries in 2001
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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