Additional Security Income ( SSI ) is a US Government's measured welfare program that provides cash assistance and health care coverage (eg Medicaid) to low-income people and limited assets aged 65 or older, blind, or disabled (including children). Although managed by the Social Security Administration, SSI is funded from the US Treasury Department's general fund, not a Social Security trust fund. SSI was formed in 1974 to replace a federal adult assistance program that serves the same purpose, but is managed by state agencies and accepts criticism for not meeting consistent eligibility criteria across the United States. The restructuring of these programs is intended to standardize the eligibility requirements and the level of benefits. The new federal program is incorporated into Title XVI (Title 16) of the Social Security Act. Today the program benefits some eight million Americans.
Video Supplemental Security Income
Histori
The law that created the program was the result of President Richard Nixon's efforts to reform the nation's welfare program. At that time, each country had a similar program under Help for the Blind, Aid for Persons with Permanent Disabilities and Completely, and Help for the Elderly. The Nixon Administration thinks these programs should be federated and run by the Social Security Administration. Thus, SSI was created to eliminate the differences between countries including different defect standards and the terms of income and resources, many considered irrational or unjust. President Nixon signed the 1972 Social Security Amendment on October 30, 1972 that created the SSI Program. The SSI program officially began operations in January 1974 by state federalization programs, appointing the Social Security Administration (SSA) to administer the SSI program. SSA was selected for having administered a national adult disability program under the Social Insurance Losses Insurance (DIB) program since 1956 for insured workers through their salary deductions under the Old Age, Victim and Disability Insurance (OASDI) insurance program related to the tax Federal Account Contribution (FICA) salary.
Maps Supplemental Security Income
Feasibility
To be eligible to receive SSI benefits, an individual must prove the following:
- They are 65 years old or blind or disabled; and
- They are legally located in one of the fifty states or the District of Columbia, or are the children of military parents assigned to permanent duties outside the US, or a student (certain restrictions apply) temporarily outside country; and
- They have income and resources within certain limits (see subsections); and
- They have proposed benefits.
A person may not qualify if he/she is a resident of a public institution from the first day of each month until the last day of the month, failing to apply any other benefits they may obtain eligible (including Social Security benefits) orders are not satisfied or violate conditional exemption terms, fail to grant SSA permission to contact any financial institution for financial records, or be outside the US for thirty consecutive days (with some exceptions). Many restrictions have been placed on who is eligible for benefits, which is considered a welfare benefit. However, unlike social security benefits (Title II), the acquisition of work credits is not a requirement for SSI.
If insured for disability and not currently receiving benefits, applicants for SSI also apply to Social Security Insurance (DIB) Insurance Guarantees, and the standards in which applicants deemed disabilities equal to SSI and DIB.
The decision whether an individual is disabled is made by the various State Decision Provisioning Services (DDS), which contract with the federal government. Although DDS is a state institution, they follow federal rules. This arrangement arose from the start of OASDI, when several key members of Congress considered the Social Security Disability program to be provided using federalism, fearing the expansion of the federal government.
Age, blemish, or blind
To be eligible for SSI, a person must meet the definition of age, disability, or blindness.
Aged - Being considered aged consists of reaching age 65 or older. Social Security Administration, like the United States Government in general, follows the English common law and considers a person to reach the age of the day before their birthday.
Disabled - Considered defects consist of meeting the definition of common defects used by the Social Security Administration:
"Disability means the inability to engage in SGAs [substantially beneficial activities] on the grounds of physically or physically determined mental disorders that can be expected to result in death, or have lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months."
"The 1967 amendment stipulates that workers should be determined to be in a disability only if the physical or mental damage or disorder is so severe that the individual not only can not do previous work but can not, taking into account his age, education, and work experience, in any other important work that exists in the national economy, whether one of these is true:
- Such work is in the immediate area where the plaintiff lives.
- Certain job vacancies exist.
- Plaintiffs will be employed if they apply for a job.
"The law also stipulates that 'the work that exists in the national economy means work that exists in significant numbers either in areas where such people live or in some areas of the country.'"
The substantial essential activity (SGA), for 2015, is the ability to earn $ 1,090 gross income in a one month period for the least able individual, and $ 1,820 for those with disabilities including blindness.
In addition, children under the age of 18 may be determined to be disabled for SSI purposes "if the individual has a medically desirable disorder or a combination of disorders that lead to marked or severe functional restrictions, and may be estimated to cause death, or have occurred or may estimated to last for a period of not less than 12 months. "
Blind - Being blind is considered to consist of fulfilling the following definition:
"Centerless visual acuity 20/200 or lacking in the eyes better with the use of corrective lenses The eyes that have limitations in the field of vision in such a way that the widest diameter of the visual field of angle subtends not greater than 20 degrees should also be considered to have central visual acuity 20/200 or less. "
In addition, for the purposes of SSI, an individual is considered blind regardless of the time period they are expected to become blind or if they engage in profitable activities.
Earnings
One of the requirements for receiving SSI is that individual income must be below a certain limit. These limits may vary based on the circumstances in which the individual lives, the living arrangements, the number of people living in the residence, and the type of income. Limits vary on all these factors and are described below in the section on benefit calculations.
Resources
Another requirement for SSI is that individual resources are below a certain limit. This amount is $ 2,000 for an individual and $ 3,000 for an individual and their spouse (whether the spouse qualifies for SSI or not), $ 4,000 for a child applicant with one parent who lives in the household, and $ 5,000 for a child applicant with two parents who live in the household. However, conditional benefits can be paid if most resources are considered non-liquid, resources that can not be sold within 20 business days, if they agree to sell resources at their current market value within a certain timeframe and pay back the money after non-liquid property sold. However, not all actual resources are calculated in calculating individual or spouse resources for SSI purposes.
The resource limit was initially set at $ 1,500 for individuals and $ 2,500 for couples in 1974, and unrelated to inflation. In 1987, the limit was raised to $ 1,800 and $ 2,700, in 1988, to $ 1,900 and $ 2,850, and, in 1989, to $ 2,000 and $ 3,000. Under current law, they will remain on the current level indefinitely.
There will soon be one exception to the general asset limit. On December 19, 2014, the EASY Act of 2014 (standing to Achieve Better Life Experience Law) is signed into law, creating a new profitable tax account under the newly added 529A Section of the Internal Revenue Code. Details of the new ABLE account, which will be formally valid after the Ministry of Finance issues enabling legislation and the states that pass laws relating to account administration are:
- Accounts may be created by or on behalf of a disabled person, provided that the beneficiary's disability begins before the age of 26 years.
- Annual contributions to accounts are limited to the same amount as the gift tax exemption for an individual ($ 14,000 in 2014). The upper limit for a lifetime contribution is the same as for 529 educational plans in a country of disability. Contributions can not be tax deductible, but earnings accrued in the account are not taxable.
- Tax-exemption may be made for "eligible disability expenses", including but not limited to education, housing, transportation, work-related expenses, aid technology, and health care.
- There are special legal rules regarding the accumulation of ABLE account assets for individuals in SSI and Medicaid. The first $ 100,000 in ABLE accounts is not counted as an asset for SSI eligibility purposes. Once the ABLE account balance exceeds $ 100,000, the recipient's SSI payment will be suspended until the account balance falls below $ 100,000. However, the recipient remains covered by Medicaid regardless of account balance.
Residency
SSI benefits are not paid solely for US citizens, but may also be paid to foreigners legally residing in the United States. Conversely, citizens may find themselves ineligible because they currently do not live in the United States; exceptions apply to children of military parents born abroad, who are disabled or blind overseas, or first applied for benefits abroad and for overseas-eligible students eligible for SSI in the month before leaving the US, whose absence will be less than a year old, and who are learning to improve their ability to engage in beneficial activities sponsored by educational institutions in the US, and will not be available to individuals in the US. However, some restrictions apply to the alien eligibility. It belongs to the category of "qualified aliens" and meets exclusion conditions.
There are seven categories of eligible aliens based on the immigration status of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). These include:
- claimed to be legally accepted for permanent residence (LAPR)
- those given conditional entry under section (a) (7) of the Immigration and Citizenship Act (INA)
- released to the United States under section 212 (d) (5) of INA for a period of at least one year
- those who are refugees accepted in the US under section 207 INA
- those granted asylum under section 208 of INA
- those whose deportation is being held under section 243 (h) or 241 (b) (3) of INA
- Cuban/Haitian migrants under section 501 (e) of the Education Refugee Relief Act 1980.
There are five exception conditions. These include:
- has received SSI on August 22, 1996
- has 40 qualifying credits (using SSI as a supplement to Benefits of Pension Insurance or Disability) when in LAPR status
- becomes a veteran, an active duty member of the US military service, or a spouse or dependent child of an individual who
- was legally in the United States on August 22, 1996 and became blind and disabled (not including an elderly individual)
The collateral consequences of warrants, parole, and probation
Since Congress enforced the provisions of "felon" felon and parole/trial in 1996, the Social Security Administration has suspended benefits and charged overpayments to individuals who received SSI on the basis of outstanding warrants. Enforcement provisions greatly improved in 2000, as SSA reached agreement with local law enforcement to match the database.
Individuals who fled to avoid prosecution or detention for crimes or violation of probation or parole are legally banned from receiving SSI or Social Security Benefits Volume II.
The Social Security Administration interprets legislation extensively to include individuals whose names are matched with a database of warrants. Some individuals lose benefits even though the warrant in question is for different people. For others, the presence of a warrant does not necessarily mean that someone "escapes," or that the individual has violated probation or parole.
As a result of two legal cases (Martinez v. Astrue and Clark v. Astrue), SSA can not suspend benefits only on the basis of evidence that a warrant has been issued. The returns are payable to hundreds of thousands of recipients.
Benefit details
Payments for SSI are made on the first day of each month except for that day on weekends or official holidays, in the case of a payment made on the first day before it is not a weekend or an official holiday. The minimum benefit is a dollar.
The SSI Program (or Title XVI of the Social Security Act 1611) provides monthly monthly cash assistance up to $ 735 for individuals and $ 1,103 for couples (per 2017) to help meet basic food, shelter and clothing needs. In most countries, SSI eligibility usually ensures concurrent access to important medical coverage under state Medicaid programs and sometimes access to Section 8 of housing benefits. In some states, additional payments are made by the state, increasing the cash assistance available through SSI. For example, the state of California (via the State Supplementary Program or SSP) increased cash assistance, bringing the total 2015 SSI to $ 889.40 per month.
SSI takes income and resources from the applicant or the recipient into consideration. People eligible for Social Security disability benefits may receive SSI for a five-month waiting period if they meet the revenue and resource requirements. The resource limit for a single individual is $ 2,000 and for a married person it is $ 3,000. Resources include anything that is cash or can be converted into cash, such as art, mineral rights, stock or other investments, and real property. But in some situations, these resources can be excluded. The benefits of SSI are generally reduced dollar-for-dollar by any unearned revenue, such as TANF, benefits, unemployment insurance, Social Security Benefits or Pension Benefits. Income earned from wages or self-employment is treated better; for example, someone earning a salary of $ 750 per month may still qualify while a person receiving $ 750 per month in benefits may not qualify. It is permissible, subject to the rules, to be employed and continue to accept SSI. Even if a person no longer accepts SSI because their wages or self-employment income is too high, they may still be eligible for Medicaid benefits under the so-called provisions of 1619. The feasibility check for SSI also considers the income "inhibitor," for example, with a recipient, parent or parent living with a child beneficiary (a recipient under the age of 18) or, in some cases, sponsoring aliens.
Social Security determines the first month of possible eligibility for SSI at the date of intention to submit an application for benefits as disclosed to the Social Security Administration, and the application is filed within 60 days of the date indicating its intent. To begin the process, people who want to be considered should contact Social Security (there is a toll-free number) to make a flawed interview. No online application for SSI is currently available; however, one can apply for Social Security or Retirement benefits online and add an app for SSI via a scheduled phone interview. Calls placed on the last day of the month, where the interview is scheduled for the second week of the following month, will result in SSI's eligibility to recede on the month when a call is made to arrange the appointment, even though the first check will not be accepted until next month. For example, someone calls on January 31 to make an appointment for February. January will be the month-of-application for the purpose of determination, but the first allowance check will be issued in February. Medicaid benefits usually begin the first month in which medical and financial requirements are met.
To be eligible for SSI, an immigrant must be a legal resident of the United States before the 1996 Welfare Reform Act came into force (22 August 1996). Those who arrive after that date may be denied SSI benefits. However, the rules governing alien eligibility for SSI are complex and contain many exceptions; for example, asylees, refugees, spouses of members of the US military, and some LAPR may be qualified aliens. A person who has been in LAPR status for at least five years, having valid I - 551 issued by the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration, and has been employed in the United States, may qualify. People who want to know if they qualify for SSI should contact the Social Security Administration to schedule an appointment for the interview.
A person who is incarcerated for one calendar month is not eligible for benefits. If the person is in a medical facility where at least 50% of their fees are paid by Medicaid, the benefits can be reduced to $ 30.
Calculation
SSI benefit calculations begin with the Federal Benefit Rate (FBR). FBR for 2015 and 2016 is $ 733 for individuals and $ 1,100 for couples.
The initial benefit rate for SSI in 1972 was equal to the average monthly benefit of retired workers under the Social Security pension scheme. In August 1974 Congress passed a law to automatically increase the benefits of SSI by the same percentage and at the same time as Social Security pensions, survivors, and disability benefits.
The benefits paid to a couple are smaller than the combined benefits paid to two individuals to account for the fact that two people living together can live more economically than if each one lives alone. However, the reduction in SSI benefits applies only to those who are legally married, providing incentives to beneficiaries not to marry.
One important problem is the additional cost of households caused by the inability of a beneficiary. SSI's original concept is to ensure minimum revenue. Research on household needs includes examining potential options to meet those needs.
The main purpose of enabling a number of assets is: to cover a large, urgent cost, such as to replace a furnace or other essential tool. The cost of such items has increased significantly since 1989.
Federal live settings
There are four living arrangements for SSI: A, B, C, and D. A living arrangement is for individuals who have lease obligations or purchased their food separately from the rest of the household. Living arrangement B is for individuals who do not have lease obligations and do not buy food separately. This is the most unfavorable living arrangement. An individual will have a minimum cost of income deducted from their check. This is done because it is considered that a person is given income in the form of housing and free food. An individual in a live setting B will also be subject to a more periodic review called redetermination. This is done because it is common for a person in a live arrangement B to finally get a lease obligation or buy their food separately. Living arrangement C is for children who live with at least one of their parents. In some cases it is possible that a child has other living arrangements. This happens when the child does not live with one of the parents. Living arrangement D is for individuals in facilities where medicaid pays more than fifty percent. Someone just because the check is fifty dollars a month. This is because it assumes that the individual has all of his basic needs met.
Beneficiaries by age
- Age 65 years or older - 2,051,848
- Between the ages of 18 - 64 - 4,691,651
- Under the age of 18 - 1,258,533
Total Beneficiary 8,002,032
Recipients and costs
Payment assignment
Generally, people who qualify for benefits are determined to be able to manage their own financial affairs, and the benefits can be channeled directly to them. In the case of people who have a diagnosed mental disorder that interferes with their ability to manage their own finances, the Social Security Administration may require that person assign a person to be a representative payee. This person will receive benefits on behalf of the disabled person, and disburse them directly to the payer such as the landlord, or to the person with disability, while providing money management assistance (assisting with the purchase of goods, limiting the expenditure of money, etc.). Representative payment recipients generally do not charge for this service, especially if it's a friend or relative. Social service agencies assigned as payees are prohibited from charging fees, although some private payment agencies provide services for a small fee. Some states and districts have representative representation agencies (also called replacement payee programs) that benefit on behalf of disabled social workers, and disburse benefits as directed to social workers.
Remaining potential benefits to other programs
Once a person qualifies for Supplementary Income Security they automatically become eligible for some other aid programs as permitted by Federal and State law. SSI recipients can benefit from all listed programs and they serve as a safety net for those in the program.
- Medicaid To help drug purchases and hospital care for the elderly, blind, and disabled.
- Qualified Medicare Recipients (QMB)
- Food Stamps (SNAP) for food purchases. Depending on the status of individual residence how much they can receive on the food coupon.
- The preferred housing voucher program, better known as HUD Section 8. SSI recipients are automatically entitled to Section 8 Housing because they meet the low-income criteria but they must be approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
See also
References
Source
- 'Social Security Administration (SSA)'. "Operating System Program Manual SSA (POMS)". https://web.archive.org/web/20070610231614/https://s044a90.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/partlist!OpenView. Retrieved 27 March 2007. Note: this is a public version of POMS, the internal version is not publicly available
- 'Social Security Administration (SSA)'. "Income Security Income (SSI)". Publication No. 05-11000. August 2005.
- 'Social Security Administration (SSA)'. 'Basic Training Curriculum of Teleservice Representatives: Additional Security Income'. Publication No. 25-1560. April 2006.
- Social Security Administration http://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html (Recipients and Cost Information)
- http://www.ssa.gov/history/1970.html (Timeline)
- http://www.ssa.gov/ssi/text-other-ussi.htm
- http://www.hud.gov/offices/pih/programs/hcv/homeownership/
- http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparemaptable.jsp?cat=4&ind=253#notes-1
- http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_sc/index.html (Table 1)
- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy11/pdf/budget/social.pdf
- http://www.ssa.gov/policy/research_sub109.html
- http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_monthly/index.html (Table 1)
External links
- Social Security Social Services web page with information about SSI
- Social Security Act
- Title XVI specifically
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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