In the grammar structure, sentence clause is the sentence classification based on the number and type of clauses in its syntactic structure. Such a division is the element of traditional grammar.
Video Sentence clause structure
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Simple sentences contain only one clause. The complex sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. The complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause. A set of words without an independent clause is probably a incomplete sentence, also called a sentence fragment .
A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be referred to as the sentence of complexes or complex compound sentences .
Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is plural because "so" is considered a co-ordination verb in English, and sentence 3 is complex. Sentence 4 is a complex compound (also known as a complex compound). Example 5 is a sentence fragment.
- I love pumpkin cake.
- I do not know how to make cookies, so I bought my bread.
- I enjoy the apple pie you bought for me.
- The dog lives in the garden, but the cat, the smarter one, lives in the house.
- That's stupid.
The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause. Example 2 has two clauses ( I do not know how to bake and I buy my bread ), combined into one sentence with coordinates together so I enjoy apple pie is an independent clause, and you buy for me is a dependent clause; the sentence is so complex. In sentence 4, The dog lives in the garden and the cat who lives in the house both are independent clauses; smarter is the dependent clause. Example 5 features noun phrases but no verbs. This is not a clause that is grammatically complete.
Maps Sentence clause structure
Simple sentence
A simple sentence structure contains one independent clause and no dependent clause.
- I'm running.
This simple sentence has one independent clause containing one subject, I , and one predicate, run .
- The girl ran to her room.
This simple sentence has an independent clause containing one subject, girl , and one predicate, running into her bedroom . The predicate is a verb phrase consisting of more than one word.
- In the backyard, dogs bark and howl of cats.
This simple phrase has an independent clause containing one subject, dog , and one predicate, barking and howling in a cat . This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate: barking and howling . These compound verbs should not be confused with compound sentences. In the backyard and in cat is a prepositional phrase.
Compound sentence
Compound sentences consist of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. These clauses are combined by a coordination conjunction (with or without a comma), a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon not a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordination conjunction is used. to connect sentences, or adverbs preceded by semicolons. Conjunctions can be used to create compound sentences. Conjunctions are words like for , and , or , but , or , not , and finished . Example: He will be fishing on Friday is an independent clause. "He" is the subject, "will" is action, and a complete mind is expressed.
Coordinators "and" are used, and commas are used correctly before "and." Http://www.yourdictionary.com/
- I started on time, but I'm late.
- I will accept your offer or reject it; These are two options.
- Legalized: from April 1st, all cars need to be tested.
- The war is gone; As a result, the entire country is occupied.
The use of commas to separate two independent clauses without the addition of appropriate connections is called a comma connection and is generally considered an error (when used in English). Example:
- The sun is shining, everyone looks happy.
Complex and complex compound sentences
A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since the dependent clause can not stand alone as a sentence, the complex sentence must have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one dependent clause or more is called complexes or complex compounds.
In addition to the subject and the verb, the dependent clause contains a subordinate connexion or similar word. There is a large number of subordinate conjunctions in English. Some of them provide adverbial function clauses, specifying time, place, or manner. Such clauses are called adverbial clauses.
- As I stepped out into the bright sunlight, from the darkness of the movie theater, I only had two things on my mind. (S. E. Hinton, The Outsiders )
This complex sentence contains an adverbial clause, When I step out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie theater . The adverbial clause describes when the main action clause, I only have two things in my mind , happens.
Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns or noun phrases in independent clauses. In other words, the clause function is relatively similar to the adjective.
- Let him who has been deceived complained . (Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote )
- You, who never know your family, see them standing around you. (J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone )
In the first example, the relative limited clause that has been deceived defines or defines the meaning of he in an independent clause, Let him complain . In the second example, non-restrictive clauses that never know your family describe you in an independent clause, you see them standing around you .
The noun clause is a functionally dependent clause like a noun. Nominal clauses can serve as the subject of a clause, or as a nominal or object predicate.
- What he realizes is that love is a moment when your heart will explode. (Stieg Larsson, Girl with Dragon Tattoo )
In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause what he/she is aware of serves as the subject of the verb is , and that love is then serves as a complement. The sentence also contains an adverbial clause, when your heart will explode .
Incomplete sentence
An incomplete sentence, or sentence fragment, is a set of words that do not form a complete sentence either because it does not express a complete thought or because it does not have some grammatical elements, such as a subject or verb. The dependent clause without an independent clause is one example of an incomplete sentence.
Some prescriptive grammars consider phrases beginning with connectives like but or and to be incomplete sentences, but this style recipe has "no historical or grammatical basis". Computer grammar checkers often highlight incomplete sentences. If the context is clear from the rest of the paragraph, however, incomplete sentences may be considered acceptable English.
Run-on sentence (fused)
run-on or fused phrase consists of two or more independent clauses (ie, clauses with subject and predicate) which joins without proper punctuation. An example of a grammatically wrong sentence could be, "It's almost five-thirty we can not reach the city before dark." Some common solutions are to separate two independent clauses (between "five" and "us") by the period [... five. We...], coma and conjunction (... five, and we...), or semicolons (... five; we...). Joining two independent clauses with just a comma is actually another common grammatical error, comma connection. James Joyce's novel Ulysses uses a stream of consciousness, who takes literary licenses by deliberately breaking these grammatical rules by using long, punctuated, free sentences, especially in the last chapter "Penelope".
In general, run-on phrases occur when two or more independent clauses join without joint coordination (ie for , and , or , but , or , not , so ) or correct punctuation (ie semicolons, dashes, or dots). Run-on sentence can be as short as four words, for example: I encourage him to walk , or even I drive, he goes, because in this case, two subjects are paired with two words intransitive work. Imperative sentences like "Run walk" can be run-on even if it has only two words.
While some sources see comma splices as a run-on sentence form, others limit the terms to independent clauses that merge without punctuation.
See also
- Comma-connection
References
External links
- "Sentence Type". Online Writing Lab . Purdue University. 1995 . Retrieved February 2 2014 .
- Campos Noguera, JosÃÆ'Â © Manuel. "Complex sentence". English Post: Learning English and Teaching . Retrieved 2 Feb 2014 Ã,
- "Independent and Dependent clauses" (PDF) Ã,
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