The Identity document in the United States is usually a state-issued driver's license or state identity card, while a Social Security card (or just Social Security number) and a US Passport Card can serve as national identification. United States passport itself can also serve as an identification. However there is no official "national identity card" in the United States, in the sense that there is no federal agency with national jurisdiction that directly issues identity documents for all US citizens for mandatory regular use.
There are proposals to nationalize ID cards, as citizens are currently identified by patches of documents issued by the federal government as well as state and local governments.
It is a political and practical issue, and the idea of ​​federalism is referred to as a supportive (regional) federation identification. All legislative efforts to create national identity cards have failed because of the resilient resistance of liberal and conservative politicians, who regard national identity cards as a mark of totalitarian society.
Currently, the only national photo identification document is a passport and passport card, issued by the US Department of State to US citizens only after voluntary application. The issuance of these documents is discretionary - that is, for various reasons, the Department of Foreign Affairs may refuse a passport or passport application.
The driver's license, issued by each state, operates as a de facto national identity card because of the ubiquitous driving in the United States. Each state also issues a non-driver country identity card that fulfills the identification function similar to that of a driver's license, but does not permit the operation of a motor vehicle.
The Social Security Card has federal jurisdiction but can not verify identity. They verify only the match between the given name and Social Security Number (SSN) and are intended only for use in compliance with the Social Security payroll tax laws. They are now used in a wider scope of activities, such as to obtain credit and other financial services regulated in banking and investment.
Video Identity documents in the United States
Birth Certificate
A birth certificate is an initial identification document issued to a parent shortly after the birth of their child. Birth certificates are usually issued by the local government, usually the city or district where a child is born. This is an important note, often called a "feeder document," as it establishes US citizenship through citizenship, which is then used to acquire, or form the basis for, all other identity documents. By itself, birth certificates are usually regarded as proof of citizenship but not proof of identity, since they are issued without a photo at birth, which does not contain an identifiable feature. Birth certificates are usually produced along with proof of identity, such as a driver's license or a third-party testimonial (such as a parent), to establish an identity or a right to service.
A child born overseas for two US parent parents, or one parent of a citizen and one non-citizen, also usually has citizenship from birth. Such births are registered with the nearest US embassy or consulate. If an embassy or consulate determines a child obtaining citizenship at birth, it releases the Consular Report of the Birth of the Overseas, also known as Form FS-240. Birth certificates will also be issued locally in the country where the child was born. Consular reports are evidence of U.S. citizenship and can be used to obtain passports for children and enroll children for school, among other purposes.
Maps Identity documents in the United States
Social Security card
A social security card is a card issued by the Social Security Administration that contains a person's Social Security number (SSN). While not mandatory, in modern practice parents almost universally apply for Social Security numbers shortly after the birth of a child. In the absence of a national identity card (and a concordant national identity number), Social Security numbers have become de facto national identifiers for various purposes, both governmental and non-governmental.
SSN was originally intended to ensure accurate reporting of the workers' taxes on the Social Security program. Prior to 1986, it was common to apply for SSN when a person was in his teens. Since 1986, a series of decisions taken by the IRS have caused parents to apply for their child's SSN at birth for tax purposes.
Since their initial goals are very limited, Social Security cards are not designed with the strict security measures normally expected of identity documents. They have no photo or physical description of the carrier, nor do they need to be updated. Therefore, social security cards are usually not considered to be proof of identity, just proof that the person mentioned on the card holds the number shown on the card. This is typically used in conjunction with other documents, especially photo IDs, to prove that the person holding the card is legally in the US and has the right to work in the US (unless the card is marked with a restriction).
Many organizations, universities and companies have historically used SSN to uniquely identify their customers or student population, but have since generated public demand that SSN is reserved for government and credit purposes. Instead, they assign their own unique numbers to people on the first contact and ask for SSN only when absolutely necessary. Also, some states have passed laws requiring such agencies to assign their own identification numbers to individuals, and forbid them to use SSN as the primary key.
Country issued/SIM card
A driver's license is issued by each state's DMV, which is required for driving. Each state's DMV also issues an almost identical "non-driver identification card" to identify people who can not or do not want to drive, who are usually treated like a driver's license for all purposes, except to prove that someone has the right to drive.
Driver licenses are not only used to verify driving rights, such as in the purchase of car insurance or during police traffic stops, but also serve as a primary form of identity for American adults. They are widely used by government entities and private businesses to verify identity or age, such as entering secure government facilities, boarding commercial planes, business transactions, or in purchasing age-restricted items such as alcohol or cigarettes. Their prevalence is such that demand for identification is usually phrased as a request to see a person's license.
Driver licenses issued in any state are recognized as valid identity documents in all other states under various legal principles such as respect and Faith and the United States Constitution Credit Clause. However, if a person permanently migrates to another country as a resident, state law usually provides a period of time, such as 60 days, in which a person must submit an out-of-state permit for a new home state license.
Although most American adults carry their driving license at all times when they are outside their home, there is usually no legal requirement that they should carry their license when not operating the vehicle. However, the US Supreme Court has ruled that the state is allowed to ask people to properly state their names when a police officer asks them; about half of the state has made several variants of dismissal and identified laws requiring compliance with police inquiries. Furthermore, in some states, such as California, failure to produce identification documents on citations for traffic violations (such as riding a bicycle on the wrong side of the road) is justified enough for full custodial capture.
Before 2005, each country designed their own driver's license according to their own standards. In 2005, the US Congress passed a controversial bill known as the REAL ID Law that sets uniform standards for the design and content of the country driver's license and the authority assigned to the Department of Homeland Security to implement and regulate compliance with the Act. One of the more controversial aspects of the Act is that it requires that all fundamental state databases be linked into a single national database.
Passport & amp; Passport Card
US passports are issued by the US State Department. Applications for passports are most often filed in the US Post Office or local government offices or local municipalities. For years, passports are not necessary for US citizens to reenter from countries near the United States (including Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and most of the Caribbean and Central American countries.) Given this, and given the large size and the great distance that the average citizen lives from the international border, the passport holdings in the United States remain relatively low. Indeed, most Americans usually do not get a passport or take it regularly unless traveling abroad, and as of 2006, only 60 million (20% of Americans) have a passport. As of 2011, about 37% of Americans have passports or passport cards.
However, in response to the recommendations in the 9/11 Commission Report, the US Department of Homeland Security now requires proof of citizenship for people entering the United States from neighboring countries. This requirement is known as the Western Hemisphere Initiative, and is implemented in stages:
- On January 23, 2007, a passport, a Coast Guard Keeper Document, or NEXUS card becomes mandatory when re-entry from that location while traveling by air, with some exceptions.
- On January 31, 2008, officers at the land and sea ports stopped taking the oral declaration of citizenship from tourists; all individuals who enter the US are now required to present documentary proof of identity and citizenship.
- As of July 1, 2009, the person entering the United States by land or sea must show a passport, passport card, or other documents proving citizenship or permanent resident status.
By law, an unending US passport (or passport card) is an absolute proof of US nationality (though not necessarily citizenship) and has the same power and effect as proof of nationality of the United States as a certificate of naturalization or citizenship, if issued to US citizens for a period full as permitted by law.
Passport card
The main purpose of US passport cards is to provide a more convenient wallet-sized identity and travel documents to citizens who want to carry official government IDs and for those living near the land border. It can be used for land and sea travel between US and Canada, Mexico, Caribbean and Bermuda but can not be used for other countries or for international air travel. In addition to these travel restrictions, passport cards have the same privileges and privileges as passport books. Passport cards are also accepted as valid identification for domestic air travel within the United States.
When outside of the United States and the countries mentioned above, passport cards may be used as identification and proof of citizenship in certain countries, even if they do not apply to travel internationally e.g., traveling from Germany to Switzerland/Austria/France/etc.).
US Citizenship and Immigration Services have indicated that US Passport Cards may be used in the I-9 Eligibility Verification Form (form). Passport cards are considered as "List A" documents which may be presented by new hires employed during the process of verifying work eligibility to indicate valid employment status. Document "Register A" is a document used by employees to prove the identity and work authorization when filling out Form I-9.
Defense Department Identification Card
Military members and Department of Defense employees receive identity documents based on their status. The Geneva Conventions Identification Card (called the Public Access Card or CAC) is issued to Active and Selected Backup Service Members, DOD employees, and some contractors. Adult dependents service members, retired service members and ready-to-use backup members do not actively receive different military IDs that do not contain the smart card cryptography chip owned by the Public Access Card.
DOD identification card numbers usually match the Social Security Number holder. However, on June 1, 2011, DOD began discontinuing the use of SSN to protect the identity of service members. [1] This is replaced with a 10-digit DOD ID Number and 12-digit Benefit ID Number.
Other identity documents
In the absence of a national identity card, typical adults in the United States often have a large number of documents issued by many different public and private entities to prove their identity.
For citizens who obtain US citizenship not being born in the United States, the federal government issues a US Citizenship Certificate or Naturalization Certificate, which is a document that functions similarly to a birth certificate. Both of these documents, together with US passports, are legally one of the few main documents to prove U.S. citizenship These certificates are usually not done everyday; instead, they are used to obtain other documents, such as passports or driver's licenses, which are then taken and used as the primary means of identification.
The federal government also issued various documents and other cards that could be used to establish the identity. Immigration and travel documents such as Green Card or visa may be used to prove the identity and right to work in the United States (if applicable). Trusted travel cards are published by US Customs and Border Protection to indicate participation in NEXUS, SENTRI, or the Global Entry program used to facilitate accelerated entry through customs. In maritime trade (and its supporting trade), Transportation Identity Identity Credentials provide access without landing to a secure port facility.
Federal, state, and local governments and agencies usually issue identification cards for their employees. These cards can be used to prove identity outside the workplace. Although there are different levels of acceptance, the identification of the government workplace is generally seen as more reliable than the identification of the workplaces of private companies. An important example is the Defense Department Public Access Card, which serves as the main military ID card.
There are various secondary documents used to establish identity. However, these documents are not usually accepted as the primary form of identification. They are usually only used to obtain primary identification forms (usually a driver's license or passport), when other forms of identification have been lost or stolen, or as additional documents in relation to primary identification forms. Other documents include:
- An internal identity card issued by a company, university, or school of a person
- Voter registration card
- Native American documents
- Credit and debit cards
- Proof of professional certification (for regulated profession members)
- Proof of car insurance card (while driving)
- Health insurance cards issued by private health insurance companies, by Medicare, or by government agencies
- The library card
- Membership cards issued by private clubs (social, athletic, educational, alumni, etc.)
- Membership card (called a loyalty card) issued by a private company (supermarket, club store warehouse, etc.)
- Membership cards issued by professional organizations
- A membership card issued by a private association
- Access documents issued by private or government organizations, such as permits, or pass marks
- License documents issued by government organizations that authorize other than driving, such as amateur radio licenses or hidden firearms license
- Utility bill, which is often used as proof of residence or address.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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