Cadillac , officially Cadillac Motor Car Division , is a US-based General Motors (GM) division that markets luxury vehicles worldwide. The main markets are the United States, Canada, and China, but Cadillac-branded vehicles are distributed in 34 additional markets around the world. Historically, Cadillac cars always occupy a place over the luxury fields in the United States. By 2017, US sales of Cadillac is 156,440 vehicles and its global sales are 356,467 vehicles.
Cadillac is one of the oldest car brands in the world, second in the United States just for fellow GM Marque Buick. The company was founded from the remains of Henry Ford Company in 1902. It was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac symbol is based on its emblem.
By the time General Motors bought the company in 1909, Cadillac had established itself as one of the major luxury car makers in America. The complete exchange of its precision parts has enabled it to lay the foundation for modern car production. It's at the forefront of technological advances, introducing a full electric system, clashless manual transmission and steel roof. The brand developed three engines, with the V8 setting the standard for the American auto industry.
Cadillac was the first American automobile to win the Royal Automobile Club from Dewar Trophy United Kingdom by successfully showing the exchange of its components during the reliability test in 1908; this spawned the slogan "Standard World" company. It won the trophy again in 1912 to combine electric start and lighting in the production car.
Video Cadillac
Initial history
Establishment
Cadillac is formed from the remains of Henry Ford Company. After a dispute between Henry Ford and its investors, Ford left the company with some of its key partners in March 1902. Ford financial supporters William Murphy and Lemuel Bowen contacted engineer Henry M. Leland of Leland & amp; The Faulconer Manufacturing Company to assess plants and equipment in preparation for liquidating the company's assets. Instead, Leland persuaded the pair to continue making the car using a single-cylinder engine that proved Leland. A new company called Cadillac Mobil Company was established on August 22, 1902, re-fabricated the Henry Ford Company's plant on Cass Street and Amsterdam Avenue. It was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, the sieur de Cadillac, who also founded Detroit in 1701.
First car
The first Cadillac, Runabout and Tonneau cars, were completed in October 1902. They were a two-seat horseless carriage powered by a single-cylinder 10-hp (7-kW) engine. They are practically identical to the Ford Model 1903 A. Many sources state that the first car was launched from the factory on October 17; in Henry Leland - Master of Precision book, the date is October 20; Another reliable source indicates the number three car has been built on October 16. Cadillac featured a new vehicle at the New York Auto Show in January 1903, in which the vehicles impressed the crowd enough to collect more than 2,000 orders. Cadillac's biggest selling point is precision manufacturing, and therefore, reliability; Cadillac is just a better vehicle than its competitors.
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- Runabout
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- Tonneau comes back
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- Custom body
Important events: 1906-1912
Cadillac Car Company joins Leland & amp; Faulconer Manufacturing, formed The Cadillac Motor Company in 1905.
From the early years, Cadillac aims for precision engineering and stylish finish finish, causing its cars to rank among the best in the United States.
Cadillac was the first volume manufacturer of fully closed cars, in 1906. Cadillac participated in the 1908 exchange test in the United Kingdom, and was awarded the Dewar Trophy for the most important advancement this year in the automotive industry. In 1912, Cadillac was the first automobile manufacturer to incorporate electrical systems that enabled start, ignition, and lighting.
Acquired by General Motors: 1909
Cadillac was purchased by a conglomerate of General Motors (GM) in 1909. Cadillac became a prestige division of General Motors, devoted to the production of large luxury vehicles. Cadillac channel is also a standard marque of GM for institutional vehicles "commercial chassis", such as limousines, ambulances, hearses, and funeral houses, the last three were built exclusively by aftermarket manufacturers.
It becomes positioned at the top of the GM vehicle hierarchy, above Buick, Oldsmobile, Oakland, and then, Chevrolet.
1915-1941
In 1915, Cadillac introduced a 90-degree flathead V8 engine with 70 horsepower (52 kW) at 2400 rpm and 180 pound force-feet (240Ã,® M) torque, allowing the car to reach 65 miles per hour (105 km/hour). h). It's faster than most roads can do right now. Cadillac pioneered the dual-plane V8 crankshaft in 1918. In 1928 Cadillac introduced the first non-clashless Synchro-Mesh manual transmission, utilizing a constant mesh gear. In 1930 Cadillac implements the first V-16 engine, with a 45-degree overhead valve, 452 cubic inches (7.41 liters), and 165 horsepower (123 kW), one of the strongest and quietest engines in the United States. The development and introduction of V8, V16 and V-12 helped make Cadillac a "World Standard". The next model of the V8 engine, with overhead valves, set the standard for the entire American automotive industry in 1949.
In July 1917, the US Army needed a reliable staff car and chose the 55 Cadillac Touring Model after conducting a deep test on the Mexican border. 2,350 cars were reserved for use in France by US Expeditionary Forces officers in World War I.
General Motors Canada has built Cadillac from 1923 to 1936 and LaSalles from 1927 to 1935.
Pre-World War II Cadillac is a well-produced, powerful, and mass-produced luxury vehicle intended for the upscale market. In the 1930s, Cadillac added cars with V12 and V16 engines to its ranks, many of which were custom-built body coach-built bodies.
In 1926, Cadillac recruited Harley Earl car steward in a one-time consultation capacity, but his work lasted much longer: in 1928, Earl was the head of the new Art and Color division and he would eventually work for GM until he retired, over 30 years later. The first car he designed was LaSalle, a new smaller "marque escort" car, named after other French explorers and founder of Detroit, Renà ©  © Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. The Marque remained in production until 1940.
Cadillac introduced a stylish body designer (as opposed to automated engineering) in 1927. It installed a breakable glass in 1926. Cadillac also introduced the "turret top", the first all-steel roof on passenger cars. Previously, the roof of the car has been made of wood coated fabric.
The Great Depression weakened the auto industry in general, with the luxury market declining more sharply; between 1928 and 1933, Cadillac sales declined 84%, to 6,736 vehicles. Exacerbating sales performance for the Cadillac brand is a policy, reflecting time, which does not encourage sales to African Americans. Nick Dreystadt, mechanic and head of Cadillac nationwide service, urged the committee - formed to decide whether Cadillac brand would live - to repeal the policy. After the policy was eliminated, brand sales increased by 70% in 1934 - and Dreystadt was promoted to lead the entire Cadillac Division.
In 1940, Cadillac sales rose tenfold compared to 1934. In 1936, Dreystadt released the Series 60 when Cadillac entered the market for mid-priced vehicles. It was replaced by the 61 Series in 1939, but the popular model originating from it, Sixty Special, continued until 1993. Other factors helped increase Cadillac growth over the next few years: a revolution in assembly technology. In 1934, Henry F. Phillips introduced the Phillips screw and screwdriver to the market. He held talks with General Motors and convinced the Cadillac group that his new screw would speed up assembly time and thereby increase profits. Cadillac was the first automobile manufacturer to use Phillips technology, in 1937, which was widely adopted in 1940. For the first time in years all cars built by the company shared the same base engine and drivetrain in 1941.
1941 juga melihat pengenalan Hydra-Matic opsional, transmisi otomatis sepenuhnya diproduksi massal pertama, menawarkan tahun sebelumnya di Oldsmobile.
Setelah Perang Dunia II: 1945-1959
The Postwar Cadillac vehicle innovated many styling features that became synonymous with the late 1940s and 1950s American cars. Combining many ideas from General Motors styling head Harley J. Earl, these include tailfins, windshield cover, and widespread use of chrome.
Tailfins were first added in 1948 and peaked in 1959. From 1960 to 1964 they declined every year until they disappeared in 1965 models (vestigialy remains only on the limited production of 1965 Series 75 chassis, carry-over from 1964).
Another typical Cadillac styling character is the front bumper. What started after the war when a pair of artillery shaped bumper guards moved higher on the front-end design as the 1950s went on. Known as the Dagmar bumper for their similarity to the 1950s television personality, they softened it in 1958 and went the following year. 1956 saw the introduction of a four-door hardtop sedan without a pillar, marketed as "Sedan de Ville"; A year later that feature appears in all standard Cadillacs. The young automotive magazine Motor Trend earned its first "Car Trend of the Year" to Cadillac in 1949 for its innovative overhead V8 engine. While the company initially insulted the honor, now proudly calls "The Year's Car" winning in the publication material. On November 25, 1949, Cadillac produced a millionth car, the 1950 Coupe de Ville. It also set new sales marks of 100,000 cars, matched in 1950 and 1951. 1949 also saw an introduction to the Buick of the first mass-produced hardtop hardtop, a closed body style with no "B" pillars. Marketed as Coupe de Ville, it will be one of Cadillac's most popular models over the years.
In 1951 Cadillac began production of the M41 Walker Bulldog army tank, which saw service in the Korean and Vietnamese wars.
In 1953, "Autistic Eye" was introduced. This feature will automatically dim the high-beam headlamps for the safety of the upcoming rider. In 1957, Cadillac attempted to move up the classroom, creating the Erdorado Brougham Series handmade. It features a self-leveling suspension, "memory chairs" function, and car radios looking for signals of all transistors manufactured by GM Delco Radio and which are available as standard equipment for the Eldorado Brougham 1957 model. While the car demonstrates the sophistication of Cadillac technology, it only sold 904 units.
New Pinnacles in luxury & amp; Dimensions: 1960-1976
Master cylinders of dual-reservoir reservoir brakes, with separate front and rear hydraulic systems, were introduced in 1962, six years ahead of Federal requirements. The first automated air-conditioning heating system also emerged, as did the three-speed Turbo-Hydramatic automatic transmission; it will be GM's standard model for decades. From the late 1960s, Cadillac offered an optical fiber warning system to warn drivers to fail to turn on light bulbs. The use of extensive bright work on the exterior and interior also declined every year after 1959. In 1966 the model, even the rear bumper ceased to be all chrome - mostly painted, including bezel lights.
In 1966, Cadillac had its best annual sales, over 192,000 units (142,190 of them de Villes), an increase of over 60%. This was exceeded in 1968, when Cadillac topped 200,000 units for the first time. 1967 and 1968 saw the introduction of a number of government-mandated security features, including energy-absorbing steering columns and steering wheels, soft interiors and buttons and instrument panel surfaces, front shoulder belts, and side-marking lights.
The Eldorado front wheel was launched in 1967, setting a new standard for private luxury cars. The design is simple and elegant away from the excesses of tailfin and chrome of the 1950s. The success of Cadillac grew against rivals Lincoln and Imperial, which had sales of all Chrysler topping divisions for the first time in 1970. The new 472 cuÃ, engine at (7.7Ã, l) debuted in 1968 model, designed for the ultimate capacity potential of 600Ã, Â ° c at (9,8 Ã,)), increased to 500Ã, Â ° c at (8.2 Ã, l) for 1970 Eldorado. It was adopted across the entire range of models that began in 1975. Airbag drivers began to be offered on several Cadillac models from 1974 to 1976. The unbranded deville coupe ended with a 1973 model, while deVille Sedan remained without pillars until 1976.
The 1970s saw new extremes in the luxury and dimensions of vehicles. The 1972 Fleetwood is some 1.7 in (43 mm) longer in wheelbase and 4 in (100 mm) overall, compared to 1960 Series 75 Fleetwood; entry-level 1972 Calais is 2.4 in (61.0 mm) longer than 1960 Series 62 equivalents, on the same wheelbase. The model gets a smoother ride while the weight of the vehicle, standard equipment, and engine displacement are all on the rise. Cadillac had record sales in 1973 and back in the late 1970s. In May 1975, Sevilla was introduced as a competitor of emerging imported luxury car markets and marketed as an "international measure".
Streamlining & amp; New technology: 1977-1988
In 1977, the Cadillac D-body experienced the same "downsizing" as the rest of the "B" and "C" GM cars. The DeVille model lost hundreds of pounds, received smaller exterior and engine dimensions, but gained a higher window. With this downsizing, fuel savings and handling are improved. In 1979, Cadillac's Eldorado flagship coupe will save money.
The 1980s saw the downsizing of many models including DeVille, Fleetwood, Eldorado, and Seville. 1980 saw a dramatic redesign for Sevilla featuring a back-bustle-back styling theme and moved to a front-wheel chassis that he shared with Eldorado. In 1982, Cimarron was introduced as the brand's first compact car. 1985 saw new DeVille and Fleetwood front-wheel-drive models released after quality delays prevented the planned introduction of the 1984 model. 1986 saw the newly reduced Eldorado and Seville models. In 1987, All-new Allinfo Allinfo All-roadster emerged into the market featuring the HT-4100 V8 engine. 1987 also brought the closing of the Detroit Assembly at Clark Street in Detroit, where Cadillac has been created since 1921.
The 1980s also saw the introduction of new technology-assisted luxury features. Among these are the return of memory seat options, not available since 1958 Eldorado Brougham. 1981 carries standard digital heater and AC control for all models. In 1982, High Technology engine was introduced. Originally scheduled for the 1983 release, it was then postponed until 1985, with an application intended to be a downward-driven front-wheel drive model that Cadillac would introduce that year. 1983 saw the introduction of the Delco/Bose stereo system option, $ 895 stereo cassette system available only in Eldorado and Seville. The Bose system will eventually be available on DeVille and Fleetwood models in their 1985 FWD edition. The Trip Computer, available to Eldorado in 1979 and Seville in 1978 and 1979, was replaced in 1981 with the availability of digital instrumentation with several Trip Computer functions replaced by new heating and AC control panels. Digital instrumentation will be available for the new DeVille and Fleetwood FWD series in 1985.
New introduction: 1989-1999
In 1991, Cadillac introduced the Northstar engine, which is a family of high-performance 90 Â ° V engines manufactured by General Motors from 1991 to 2010. Considered to be the most technically complicated GM engine, the original dual overhead cam, four valves per cylinder, aluminum block/aluminum head V8 design developed by Oldsmobile's R & amp; D, but most related to Northstar Cadillac series. The corresponding Northstar system is the Cadillac trademark name for the performance feature packs introduced in mid 1992 that incorporate variable valve timings, road-sensing suspensions, variable power, and 4-wheel disc brakes to high Division- output and high torque Northstar engine.
For 1992, Sevilla was redesigned to better compete with the luxury performance sedans from Europe and has adopted several stylistic cues from the 1988 Cadillac Voyage concept car. A year later, Brougham was discontinued and replaced by the 1993 Fleetwood all-new rear-wheel drive. The Fleetwood front-wheel drive was previously renamed the Sixty Special for 1993. That same year, the Coupe deVille was suspended due to the declining popularity of the full-size coupe.
For 1994, DeVille was redesigned to share the K-body platform with Sevilla. The body was redesigned, although the wheelbase remained 113.8 inches - instead of the 111 inches used in Seville. Production was moved to Hamtramck, Michigan. Also for 1994, all DeVille models include standard SRS front side driver airbags, as well as full digital instrumentation with integrated messaging center, which provides essential vehicle information and status, current speed, outdoor temperature, and more, with controls fitted to the left of the instrument group. Also standard is a dual zone front HVAC system, with a control located to the right of the cluster instrument, and a remote control on the front passenger door panel. SRS's front passenger airbags became standard equipment after restyling in 1996, which also brought revised exterior styling and a new audio system with TheftLock anti-theft theft technology. In 1995, the High Technology engine that had been used in Cadillac since 1982 was discontinued.
For 1997, the mid-size Catera sedan was introduced as a new entry-level Cadillac model. DeVille was also designed that anniversary. The late 1990s saw the first Cadillac field in the growing SUV segment. Escalade, introduced in 1999, is marketed to compete with Lincoln Navigator and luxury SUVs from various imported brands.
The Age of Arts and Science: 2000-present
In 2000, Cadillac introduced a new design philosophy for the 21st century called "Art and Science," which he said "combines sharp, sharp and sharp edges - a vocabulary form that expresses bold high-tech design and invokes the technology used to design it. "The new design language is spreading from the original CTS and to the Cadillac XLR roadster. The Cadillac model range mostly includes a rear sedan and all-wheel-drive, roadster, crossover, and SUV. The only exception is the front-wheel drive Cadillac BLS (which is not sold in North America) and Cadillac DTS, both of which have not been in production. In 2005, the Cadillac STS was introduced as the successor to Cadillac Seville,. which started in 1988 is available as a performance-oriented STS (for Seville Touring Sedan ) versions, and the convenience of SLS (for Sevilla) Luxury Sedan ). The following year, STS received a new Northstar System in the Cadillac, including the Northstar V8 LUM DOHC L37 engine.
STS is a top-class Cadillac sedan, falling in size between medium-sized CTS and full-size DTS. In 2006, DeVille nameplate was replaced by Cadillac DTS, short for 1986, when the "DeVille Touring Sedan" package was first available. The new name brings DeVille into line with Cadillac's Art & amp; Nomenclature of science era, which saw Sevilla renamed STS and substitute of Catera called CTS. DeVille last slid from the Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly line on June 23, 2005.
The new generation of second-generation CTS-V sedans was introduced in 2009 as a direct competitor to the BMW M5. Powered by a supercharged 6.2 L LSA V-8 OHV engine, an automated version of CTS-V exposes the NÃÆ'¼rburgring at 7: 59.32, at the moment a record for a production sedan.
In 2016, the Cadillac CT6 was introduced and was the first full-size rear-wheel drive sedan since the Fleetwood stop in 1996. In early 2017, Cadillac launched Book By Cadillac, a vehicle subscription service originally available in New York City. In November 2017, it was announced that Books by Cadillac would be extended to Dallas and Los Angeles.
Maps Cadillac
Models
Current
- Escalade 1999-present
- 1999-now Escalade
- Escalade ESV 2003-now
- CTS 2003-present
- CTS Sedan 2003-now
- CTS-V 2004-current sedan
- ATS 2013-present
- ATS Sedan 2013-now
- 2015-now ATS Coupe
- Coupe ATS-V 2016-now
- ATS-V Sedan 2016-now
- XTS 2013-now
- CT6 2016-now
- 2017-now XT5
Masa Depan
- CT5
- XT4
- XT6
Pabrik perakitan
- Majelis Detroit/Hamtramck, Michigan, A.S.
- Cadillac CT6
- Lansing Grand River Assembly, Michigan, A.S.
- Cadillac ATS, Cadillac ATS-V, Cadillac CTS, Cadillac CTS-V
- Majelis Arlington, Texas, A.S.
- Cadillac Escalade, Cadillac Escalade ESV
- Spring Hill Manufacturing, Tennessee, A.S.
- Cadillac XT5
- Perakitan Mobil Oshawa, Oshawa, Kanada
- Cadillac XTS
- Shanghai GM, Cina
- Cadillac ATS, Cadillac CT6, Cadillac CTS, Cadillac XT5, Cadillac XTS
Selain itu, perusahaan Rusia Avtotor merakit Cadillac CTS dan Cadillac Escalade di bawah lisensi di Kaliningrad.
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Penghargaan
Cadillac has won this year's Motor Trends Motor, five times:
- 1949 Cadillac Motor Division - for innovation in V8 valve overhead valve design
- 1952 Cadillac Motor Division
- 1992 Cadillac Seville Touring Sedan
- 2008 Cadillac CTS
- 2014 Cadillac CTS
Motorsport
Before the outbreak of World War II, Cadillac (like most manufacturers) participated in various types of motorsport. Many Allard cars use Cadillac machines.
In the 1950s, Cadillac (like all American manufacturers at the time) participated in the NASCAR Grand National Series. The brand disappeared from the series in the 1960s.
Cadillac used the Cadillac Northstar LMP as the Le Mans Prototype in the early years of the American Le Mans Series from 2000 to 2002. When the prototype proved unsuccessful, Cadillac withdrew from the series. Cadillac's most successful effort into motorsport in recent years is the use of CTS-V in the Grand Touring class of SCCA World Challenge.
See also
References
Further reading
- Bonsall, Thomas E. (2004). The Cadillac Story: The Postwar Years . Stanford University Press. ISBN: 978-0-8047-4942-8.
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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