Turbo > generator is a combination of turbines that connect directly to the electric generator to generate electricity. The large steam-powered turbo generator provides most of the world's electricity and is also used by steam-powered turbo-electric vessels.
A small turbo generator with a gas turbine is often used as an additional power unit. For basic loads diesel generators are usually preferred, because they offer better fuel efficiency, but, on the other hand, diesel generators have lower power densities and hence, require more space.
The efficiency of larger gas turbine plants can be improved by using a combined cycle, in which hot exhaust gases are used to generate steam that drives other turbo generators.
Video Turbo generator
Histori
The first turbo generator is a water turbine that drives an electric generator. Irish engineer Charles Algernon Parsons demonstrated a DC steam-powered turbogenerator using a dynamo in 1887. and in 1901 had supplied the first megawatt large industrial air conditioning turbogenerator to a plant in Eberfeld, Germany.
Turbo generators are also used in steam locomotives as a resource for lighting and coach heating systems.
Maps Turbo generator
Construction features
Unlike hydraulic turbines that typically operate at low speeds (100 to 600 rpm), the efficiency of the steam turbine is higher at higher speeds and therefore turbo generators are used for steam turbines. The turbo generator rotor is a non-protruding pole type usually with two poles.
The normal speed of a turbo generator is 1500 or 3000 rpm with four or two poles at 50 Hz (1800 or 3600 rpm with four or two poles at 60 Hz). The prominent propellers will be very noisy and with a lot of windage losses. The turbo-generating spinning part is subjected to high mechanical pressure due to high operating speed. To make the rotor mechanically resistant in large turbo-alternators, the rotor is usually forged from solid steel and alloys such as chromium-nickel-steel or chromium-nickel-molybdenum are used. Scroll rolls on the edges will be secured by a steel retaining ring. The heavy, non-magnetic metal slice above the slot holds the field winding against the centrifugal force. Hard composition insulating materials, such as mica and asbestos, are commonly used in rotor slots. These materials can withstand high temperatures and high destructive power.
Stator large turbo generators can be constructed of two or more parts while in the smaller turbo-generator it is built in one piece intact.
Hydrogen-cooled turbo generator
Based on an air-cooled turbo generator, gaseous hydrogen was first used as a coolant on a hydrogen-cooled turbo generator in October 1937, at Dayton Power & amp; Light Co. in Dayton, Ohio. Hydrogen is used as a coolant in the rotor and sometimes the stator, enabling increased special utilization and 99.0% efficiency. Due to its high thermal conductivity, high specific heat and low hydrogen gas density, this is the most common type in its field today. Hydrogen can be produced in place by electrolysis.
The generator is tightly closed to prevent the release of hydrogen gas. The absence of oxygen in the atmosphere significantly reduces the damage of insulation coils by the final corona disposal. Hydrogen gas is circulated in the rotor of the cage, and is cooled by a gas-to-water heat exchanger.
Electric spur of the Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC)
Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC) is a technology solution for the challenge of increasing energy efficiency for stationary power generation industries.
Fossil fuel-based power plants are expected to continue for decades, especially in developing countries. This goes against the global need to reduce carbon emissions, where, a high percentage is generated by the electricity sector worldwide.
The ETC works by generating gas and diesel generators (Electric Generator) to work more effectively and cleaner, by recovering waste energy from the exhaust to increase power density and fuel efficiency.
Benefits of using ETC
- Helps the economy grow with unreliable or insufficient power infrastructure.
- Provide independent power providers (IPPs), electrical leasing companies and OEM generators (original equipment manufacturers) competitive advantage and increased market share potential.
- Increase overall generator efficiency, including fuel input costs and help end users reduce the amount of fuel burned.
- Usually 4-7% less fuel consumption for diesel and gas gensets.
- Fewer carbon emissions.
- Increased power density.
- Ability to increase power output and capacity, with improved fuel efficiency.
- The ETC system integration offers a step change in efficiency without improving service or maintenance requirements.
- The cost of generating electricity through waste heat recovery is much less than burning more fuel, even with low diesel prices.
Disadvantages of using ETC
- Up front costs incur additional costs for businesses.
- The need to update existing turbomachinery and recertification units adds additional cost and can take some time.
- There will be a weight gain to add the ETC to the current unit.
- The process still uses fossil fuels, so it still has a carbon footprint at the age that can be updated.
- They are bespoke to every generator so design, manufacture, and deployment can be a long process.
- There are challenges with high-speed turbo generators such as high pressure in the rotor, heat generators from electric engines and rotational system of turbo generators.
See also
- Combined cycles
- Turbocharger
References
External links
- Small Turbo Generator for DG & amp; Hybrids
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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