Independence

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Independence is the condition of a nation, state, or country in which its inhabitants and residents, or parts thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over the territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent region.

Video Independence

Definition of independence

Whether the achievement of independence differs from the revolution has long been contested, and is often disputed on the issue of violence as a legitimate means of achieving sovereignty. While some revolutions seek and achieve national independence, others aim only to distribute forces with or without elements of emancipation, as in the democratization within a country, thus remaining unchanged. The Haitian revolution, for example, began as a wide-scale slave rebellion initially satisfied with the pro-abolitionist French Republic, only to turn into a war of independence when Napoleon tried to reinstall slavery. Instead, the American Revolutionary War was meant to achieve independence from the start. The cause for a country or province that wants to seek independence is many, but most can be summed up as a feeling of inequality compared to dominant forces. The means can be extended from peaceful demonstrations, as in the case of India, to violent wars as in the case of Algeria.

The difference between independence and autonomy

Autonomy refers to a kind of independence that has been given by the supervising authority who still has the highest authority over the region (see Devolution). Protectorate refers to an autonomous region that relies on a larger government for its protection as an autonomous region.

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Declaration of independence

Sometimes, a country that wants to achieve independence from a dominating power will issue a declaration of independence; the earliest surviving example was the Arbroath Declaration in Scotland in 1320, with the latest example being Azawad's declaration of independence in 2012. Declaring independence and achieving it, however, is very different. A famous example of success is the US Declaration of Independence issued in 1776. The independence date set (or, more rarely, the commencement of the revolution), is usually celebrated as a national holiday known as the day of independence.

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Historical overview

Historically, there are three major periods of declaring independence:

• from the 1770s, beginning with the American Revolutionary War until the 1830s, when the last royal bastion fell at the end of the Latin American war of independence;
• immediately after the First World War after the outbreak of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires;
• and 1945 until about 1979, when seventy newly independent states emerged from the European colonial empire.

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Continent

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Note

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See also

• Constitution of freedom
• Referendum of independence
• List of national independence days
• List of sovereign states based on formation date
• List of active separatist movements
• Secession
• Special Committee for Decolonization
• War of Independence
• Declaration of unilateral independence
• List of UN Self-Governing Organizations

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia