Independence Day (Urdu: ??????? Yaum-e? z? d? ), observed annually on August 14, is a national holiday in Pakistan. It commemorates the day when Pakistan achieved independence and was declared a sovereign state after the end of British Raj in 1947. Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement, which aims to establish an independent Muslim state in the north-western region of South Asia through partition. The movement was led by the entire Muslim League of India under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The event was brought by the 1947 Indian Independence Act in which the British Raj granted independence to the Dominion of Pakistan consisting of West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). In the Islamic calendar, independence day coincides with Ramadan 27, that night, becomes Laylat al-Qadr, considered sacred by Muslims.
The main Independence Day ceremony takes place in Islamabad, where the national flag is hoisted in the buildings of the President and Parliament. Followed by national anthems and speeches broadcast live by leaders. The usual celebrations and festivities for the day include flag raising ceremonies, parades, cultural events, and patriotic songs. A number of awards ceremonies are often held today, and Pakistanis fly the national flag over their homes or display them clearly in their vehicles and clothing.
Video Independence Day (Pakistan)
History
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The region that formed Pakistan has historically been part of the British Indian Empire throughout most of the nineteenth century. East India Company started their trade in South Asia in the 17th century, and company regulations started from 1757 when they won the Battle of Plassey. After the Indian Uprising of 1857, the Indian Government Act 1858 led to the United Kingdom assuming direct control over most of the Indian subcontinent. The All-India Muslim League was founded by the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in Dhaka, in 1906, in the context of the circumstances resulting from the Bengal division of 1905 and the party aimed at creating a separate Muslim state.
The period after World War I was marked by British reforms such as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform, but also witnessed the enactment of Rowlatt's repressive Law and a loud call to self-rule by Indian activists. The widespread dissatisfaction of this period crystallized into a nonviolent movement and civilian nonviolent civil disobedience. The idea for a separate Muslim state in the northwestern region of South Asia was introduced by Allama Iqbal in his speech as President of the Muslim League in December 1930. Three years later, the name "Pakistan" as a separate state was proposed in the declaration made by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, in the form acronym. It consists of five "north units" of P unjab, A fghania (formerly North-West Frontier Province), K ashmir, S ind, and Baluchis tan . Like Iqbal, Bengal was abandoned from a proposal made by Rahmat Ali.
In the 1940s, as the Indian independence movement increased, a rise of Muslim nationalism led by the All India Muslim League took place, where Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the most prominent leader. Being a political party to secure the interests of Muslim diaspora in British India, the Muslim League played a decisive role during the 1940s in the Indian independence movement and developed into a driving force behind the formation of Pakistan as a Muslim country in South Asia. During the three-day general Muslim League All India session from 22-24 March 1940, a formal political statement was presented, known as Lahore Resolution, which called for the establishment of an independent state for Muslims. In 1956, 23 March was also the date on which Pakistan moved from region to republic, and was known as Pakistan Day.
Independence
In 1946, the British Labor government, exhausted by recent events such as World War II and much of the riots, realized that it lacked a home-based mandate, international support, or reliability of the British Indian Army to continue to control India English is restless. The reliability of indigenous forces to continue their control of the increasingly rebellious India was diminished, and therefore the government decided to end the British rule of the Indian Subcontinent. In 1946, the Indian National Congress, being a secular party, demanded a state. The majority of Muslims, who disagree with the idea of ​​a single state, emphasize the separate notion of Pakistan as an alternative. The 1946 Cabinet mission to India was sent to try to reach a compromise between Congress and the Muslim League, proposing a decentralized country with much power given to the local government, but being rejected by both sides and resulting in a number of unrest in South Asia.
Finally, in February 1947, Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced that the British government would grant full self-government to British India by June 1948. On June 3, 1947, the British government announced that the principle of dividing British India into two independent states was accepted. The successor government will be granted a tenure and will have an implicit right to break away from the British Commonwealth. Viceroy Mountbatten voted August 15, the second anniversary of the Japanese surrender in World War II, as the date of transfer of power. He chose August 14 as the date of a power transfer ceremony to Pakistan because he wanted to attend ceremonies in India and Pakistan.
The Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c. 30) passed by the Royal Parliament divides British India into two new independent territories; Dominion of India (later Indian Republic) and Dominion of Pakistan (later became Islamic Republic of Pakistan). This law provides mechanisms for the division of Bengal and Punjab provinces between the two countries (see the Indian partition), the establishment of the Governor-General's office, the drawing of complete legislative authority over their respective Constituent Assemblies, and the sharing of joint property between the two new countries. The deed then received royal approval on July 18, 1947. The partition was accompanied by riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to religious violence across the continent; millions of Muslim, Sikh and Hindu refugees crossing the newly drawn border into Pakistan and India respectively in the months around independence. On August 14, 1947, the new Pakistani Dominion became independent and Muhammad Ali Jinnah was sworn in as his first governor general in Karachi. Independence was marked by widespread celebration, but the atmosphere remained hot given the communal riots that occurred during independence in 1947.
Date of independence
Since the transfer of power took place at midnight 14 and 15 August, the Indian Independence Act of 1947 was recognized August 15 as the second birthday of Pakistan and India. The law states;
"Starting from the fifteenth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and forty-seven, two independent Dominions will be established in India, to be known respectively as India and Pakistan."
Jinnah in his first broadcast to the nation states;
"August 15 is the birthday of Pakistan's independent and sovereign state, marking the fulfillment of the fate of a Muslim country that has made great sacrifices in recent years to own its homeland."
The country's first commemorative stamp, released in July 1948, also gave August 15, 1947 a day of independence, but in the following years August 14 was adopted as a day of independence. This is because Mountbatten gave the oath of independence to Jinnah on the 14th, before leaving for India where the oath was scheduled at midnight on the 15th. The night of 14-15 August 1947 coincided with the 27th of Ramadhan 1366 from the Islamic calendar, which Muslims regarded as a sacred night.
Maps Independence Day (Pakistan)
Celebrations
Official celebration
Independence Day is one of six holidays observed in Pakistan and is celebrated throughout the country. To prepare and complete plans for Independence Day celebrations, the meeting was held in the provincial capital by a local government attended by government officials, diplomats and politicians. Public organizations, educational institutions, and government departments organize seminars, sports competitions, and social and cultural activities ahead of independence day. In Karachi, the drive begins to clean up and prepare Mazar-e-Quaid (Jinnah Mausoleum) for the celebration.
The official celebration took place in Islamabad and began with the raising of the national flag at the House of Parliament and the Presidency followed by 31-gun salute in the capital and 21-gun salute in the provincial capital. The President and Prime Minister of Pakistan spoke to the country in live broadcast. Government officials, political leaders and celebrities deliver messages or speeches during rallies, ceremonies and events, highlighting Pakistani achievements, goals set for the future, and praising the sacrifices and efforts of national heroes. Government buildings include the Houses of Parliament, the Supreme Court, the Presidential House and the Secretariat of the Prime Minister decorated and illuminated with bright lights and colors. A guard change takes place at a national monument by the Armed Forces. The Army, Air Force and Navy stand out in the Independence Day parade. In cities across the country, flag-raising ceremonies are carried out by the respective constituents' nazim (mayor), and in various public and private departments the ceremony is performed by a senior officer of the organization. In 2017, Pakistan International Airlines introduced a special in-flight jam session to entertain passengers traveling on Independence Day, featuring artists singing national songs on domestic flights.
International governments, leaders and community leaders also delivered their greetings on the occasion. Foreign officials are invited as the main guests of the ceremony, while foreign military contingents often participate in parades. National flags are featured on major streets and streets such as Shahrah-e-Faisal, Shahara-e-Quaideen, and Mazar-e-Quaid Road, leading to Jinnah's grave in Karachi. Minar-e-Pakistan in Lahore, where the Resolution of Pakistan was enacted in 1940, was fully illuminated on the eve of independence to signify its importance in the creation of Pakistan.
General celebration
When the month of August begins, special stalls, festivals and fun shops are established all over the country for the sale of national flags, buntings, banners and posters, badges, photos of national heroes, multimedia and other celebration items. Vehicles, private buildings, houses, and streets adorned with national flags, candles, oil lamps, banners and buntings. Businesses are involved in tight marketing, just like the leading designer fashion outlets that sell independence-themed clothing, jewelry and jewelry.
The day began with special prayers for the integrity, solidarity and development of Pakistan in mosques and religious places throughout the country. Residents attending the Independence Day parade and other events usually wear official, green and white colors. Many people meet their friends and relatives, eat Pakistani food, and visit the recreation area to mark the holidays. Public functions include elaborate fireworks shows, street parades, seminars, television transmissions, music and poetry, children's shows and art exhibitions are a common part of celebrations. Along with flag-raising, the national anthem was sung in various government, school, shelter, and monuments spots on that day, and patriotic slogans like Pakistan Zindabad were resurrected. Music concerts and dance performances are arranged at home and abroad, featuring popular artists. Respect was given to those who lost their lives during the migration and riots that followed independence in 1947, as well as the martyrs of the Pakistani Army and the recipients of Nishan-e-Haider, and political figures, renowned artists and scientists.
The immigrant community in Pakistan is participating in the celebration as well. Pakistani diaspora around the world organize cultural events to celebrate Independence Day; public parades are held in cities with large Pakistani populations, such as New York, London and Dubai. In addition, Kashmiris from Jammu and Kashmir who have pro-Pakistani sentiments are known to observe the day, causing friction with the Indian authorities.
Security measure
Security measures in this country intensified as it approached independence day, especially in big cities and in troubled areas. Security was formed after various representatives of intelligence agencies and investigators met. High warning is declared in sensitive areas such as the state capital, to limit security threats. Nevertheless, there have been instances where attacks occurred on independence day by rebels who boycotted the celebrations as part of their protests.
On August 13, 2010, the country witnessed a flood that caused the death of 1,600 people and affected 14 million people. Due to the catastrophe, the president made an announcement that there would be no official celebration of independence that year.
In popular culture
From early August, radio channels played milli naghmay (patriotic songs) and various TV shows and programs highlighting Pakistan's history, culture and achievements were broadcast. Popular national songs like Dil Dil Pakistan and Jazba-e-Junoon are played and sung around the country. New patriotic songs are also released every year. The Jinnah film released in 1998 follows Jinnah's story and details events leading to Pakistani independence. Events during Pakistani independence are depicted in many literary and scientific works. Novel Khushwant Singh Train to Pakistan , short story of Saadat Hasan Manto Toba Tek Singh , Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre Freedom at Midnight , and poetic work of events chronic Faiz Ahmad Faiz during Pakistani independence. Ali Pur Ka Aeeli by Mumtaz Mufti is an autobiography that tells the story of bringing his family from Batala to Lahore. Khaak aur Khoon (Dirt and Blood) by Naseem Hijazi illustrates the Muslim sacrifices in South Asia during independence. Dastaan ​​, the Pakistani drama series, based on Bano's novel by Razia Butt, also tells the story of the Pakistan Movement and the independence of Pakistan.
Pakistan Post released four warning stamps in July 1948 for the country's first anniversary of independence. Three of the four stamps depict places from Pakistan while the fourth stamp depicts a motive. The stamps read "August 15, 1947" because of the confusion that existed on the actual date of independence. In 1997, Pakistan celebrated the 50th anniversary of independence. The State Bank of Pakistan issued a special rupee 5 banknotes depicting the tomb of Baha-ud-din Zakariya on August 13, 1997, commemorating the 50th anniversary of independence. In front of the notes, the star explosion is encircled by Fifty Years of Freedom Warning in Urdu and '1947-1997' in numbers.
In November 1997, the 1997 Wills Jubile Gold Tournament was held at Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore to mark the golden feast. During the final of the tournament, the Pakistan Cricket Council honors all of Pakistan's live test cricket captains by exhibiting them on horse carts and presenting them with a gold medal. On August 14, 2004, Pakistan displayed its biggest flag of the time with a dimension of 340 by 510 feet (100 m m 160 m).
Since 2011, Google Pakistan's page has featured a special doodle designed with Pakistani symbols to mark Pakistan's Independence Day. These symbols include stars and crescent moon, national monuments and colors, historical and artistic representations, geographical landscapes and other national symbols. Facebook allows its users in Pakistan to post the status of independence day with a Pakistani flag icon on it; or greet users in a country with a special message on the home page.
See also
- Public holiday in Pakistan
- Pakistan national symbol
- Pakistan Day
References
External links
- Pakistan Independence Day Articles US Department of State
- Flag raising ceremony held at the German consulate
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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