Fire safety is a set of practices intended to reduce damage caused by fire. Fire safety measures include measures intended to prevent ignition of uncontrolled fire, and which are used to limit the development and effects of fires after a fire is initiated.
Fire safety measures include those planned during construction of buildings or implemented in established structures, and those taught to occupants of buildings.
Threats to fire safety are often referred to as fire hazard . Fire hazards may include situations that increase the likelihood of fire or may impede flight in case of fire.
Fire safety is often a component of building security. Those who check the building for Code Fire violations and go to school to educate children about topics Fire Safety is a member of a firefighter known as a Fire Prevention Officer. Chief Fire Prevention Officer or Head of Fire Prevention will usually train newcomers to the Fire Prevention Division and can also conduct inspections or make presentations.
Video Fire safety
Fire safety policy element
Fire safety policy applies to the construction of the building and throughout its lifetime. Building codes are enforced by local, sub-national, or national governments to ensure features such as adequate fire exit, nameplate, and construction details such as fire termination and doors, windows, and fire retaining walls. Fire safety is also the purpose of electrical code to prevent overheating of cables or equipment, and to protect from ignition by electrical faults.
Fire codes set such requirements as maximum occupancy for buildings such as theater or restaurant, for example. Fire codes may require portable fire extinguishers inside buildings, or may require permanently installed detecting and fire proofing equipment such as fire sprinklers and fire alarm systems.
The local authorities responsible for fire safety may carry out routine inspections of items such as usable fire exits and proper exit points, functional fire extinguishers of the right type in accessible places, and storage and handling of materials flammable. Depending on local regulations, fire inspections may result in notification of necessary action, or the closure of the building until it can be complied with fire code requirements.
Owners and building managers can apply additional fire policies. For example, an industrial site may designate and train certain employees as firefighters. Managers must ensure buildings adhere to evacuations, and that building features like fireproofing spray remain undamaged. Fire policies may be in place to dictate training and awareness of occupants and building users to avoid obvious mistakes, such as propping open fire doors. Buildings, especially institutions such as schools, can perform regular fire-fighting exercises throughout the year.
Maps Fire safety
Common fire hazard
Some common fire hazards are:
- Kitchen fires from uncontrolled cooking, such as frying, boiling, and boiling
- Overloaded, poorly maintained or damaged electrical systems
- Flammable storage area with inadequate protection
- Flammable near equipment that produces heat, fire, or sparks
- Candles and other open flames
- Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, matches, etc.)
- Equipment that generates heat and uses flammable materials
- Flammable liquids and aerosols
- Flammable solvents (and fabrics moistened with solvent) are placed in covered bins
- The fireplace is not cleaned properly or regularly
- Cooking utensils - stove, oven
- Heating equipment - fireplace, wood burning stove, fireplace, boiler, portable heater
- Housewares - clothes dryer, curling iron, hair dryer, refrigerator, freezer
- The chimney that centers the creosote
- The power cord is in bad condition
- Battery Leaks
- Personal ignition sources - matches, matches
- Electrical and electronic equipment
- Exterior cooking utensils - barbecue
Fire code
In the United States, the fire code (also the fire prevention code or the fire safety code ) is the model code adopted by the state or local jurisdiction and enforced by fire prevention officer within the city fire department. It is a set of rules that prescribe minimum requirements to prevent fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage, handling, or use of hazardous substances, or from other special hazardous conditions. This completes the building code. Fire codes are aimed primarily at preventing fire, ensuring that the necessary training and equipment will be in hand, and that the original building design basis, including the basic plan set by the architect, is not compromised. The fire code also addresses the requirements of inspection and maintenance of various fire protection equipment to maintain optimal fire protection and passive fire protection measures.
Common fire safety codes include administrative sections on rule-making and law enforcement processes, and substantive parts associated with fire suppression equipment, special hazards such as containers and transport for combustible materials, and specific rules for hazardous work, industrial processes and exhibitions.
Sections may set out the conditions for obtaining the necessary permits and special precautions required to remain in compliance. For example, a fireworks exhibit may require an application to be filed by a licensed pyrotechnician, providing the information needed for the issuing authority to determine whether safety requirements can be met. After permission is issued, the same authority (or other delegated authority) may check the site and monitor safety during the exhibition, with the power to cease operations, when unapproved practices are seen or when unexpected hazards appear.
List of some typical fire and explosion problems in fire code
- Fireworks, explosives, mortars and cannons, model rockets (licenses for manufacture, storage, transportation, sales, use)
- Certification for service, placement, and inspection of fire extinguishers
- General storage and handling of flammable liquids, solids, gases (tanks, personnel training, marks, equipment)
- Location restrictions and amount of combustible material (eg 10 liters of gasoline in a dwelling house)
- Specific uses and special flammable materials (eg, dry cleaning, petrol distribution, explosive dust, pesticides, space heaters, plastic manufacturing)
- Permits and restrictions on various building works (meeting rooms, hospitals, schools, theaters, elderly care, childcare, prs) requiring smoke detectors, sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, or other specialized equipment or procedures >
- Eliminates interior and exterior barriers for emergency exits or firefighters and disposes of hazardous materials
- Special in-app permissions and restrictions (tents, asphalt kettles, campfire, etc.)
- Other hazards (flammable decoration, welding, smoking, big matches, lap tires)
- Electrical security codes like the National Electrical Code (by the National Fire Protection Association) for the US and elsewhere in the USA
- Fuel gas code
- Car fire
Public fire safety education
Most US fire departments have fire safety education programs.
Fire prevention programs may include smoke detector distribution, visit schools to review key topics with students and implement nationally recognized programs such as NFPAS "Risk Watch" and "Learning not to burn".
Other programs or props may be purchased by the fire department or community organization. These are usually entertaining and designed to capture the attention of the children and convey an important message. The props include mostly hearing, such as dolls and robots. Prop is visually stimulating but the security message is only transmitted orally. Other props are more complicated, accessing more senses and improving learning factors. They mix audio messages and visual cues with direct interaction. Examples include mobile home security trailers and home dangers simulators. Some fire prevention software is also being developed to identify hazards at home.
All programs tend to mix messages preventing general injuries, security, fire prevention, and escaping in case of fire. In many cases, fire department representatives are regarded as experts and are expected to present information in a manner appropriate to each age group.
Qualifications of the fire educator
US industry standards describing the recommended qualifications for fire safety educators are NFPA 1035: Standards for Professional Qualifications for Fire and Life Safety Educators, which includes the requirements for Fire Level and Life Safety Levels I, II, and III; Public Information Officer; and Level of Intervention of Level I and II Youth Fire Specialist.
Target audience
According to the United States Fire Administration, very young and elderly people are considered "at risk" populations. These groups represent about 33% of the population.
Fire safety plan
A fire safety plan is required by all national fire codes, states and provinces of North America based on the use of buildings or occupancy types. Generally, building owners are responsible for the preparation of fire safety plans. Buildings with complex emergency systems may require the help of fire protection consultants. Once the plan has been prepared, it must be submitted to Fire Officials or authorities who have jurisdiction to be approved. Once approved, the owner is responsible for implementing a fire safety plan and training all staff in their duties. It is also the owner's responsibility to ensure that all visitors and staff are informed of what to do in case of fire. During a fire emergency, a copy of the approved fire safety plan shall be available for use of responding fire extinguishers.
Fire safety plan structure
- Primary contact information
- Utility services (Including breaker valves for water, gas and electricity)
- Access issues
- The stored material is malicious
- Locations of people with special needs
- Connection to sprinkler system
- Layout, images, and site layouts to build
- Schedule of care for life safety system
- Training of personnel and fire training procedures
- Create a gather point/safe zone
Use of fire safety plan
Fire safety plans are a useful tool for firefighters because they allow them to know important information about buildings they may need to enter. Using this, firefighters can locate and avoid potential hazards such as areas of storage of hazardous materials and flammable chemicals.
In addition, the fire safety plan may also provide specific information which, in the case of a hospital fire, may provide information about the location of things such as a nuclear medicine ward. In addition, the fire safety plan also greatly enhances the safety of firefighters. According to FEMA, 16 percent of all fire deaths in 2002 occurred due to structural collapse or because of a lost firefighter. The fire safety plan can outline the possible structural hazards, as well as provide knowledge of the fire extinguisher where he is inside the building.
Fire safety plan in fire code
In North America alone, there are about 8 million buildings that legally require a fire safety plan, either because of a provincial or state law. Not having a fire safety plan for buildings that match the type of fire code occupancy can produce fines, and they are required for all buildings, such as commercial, industrial, assembly, etc.
Progress in fire safety planning
As stated earlier, a copy of the approved fire safety plan must be available for responding firefighters. However, this is not always the case. Until now, all the fire plans are kept in paper form in the fire department. The problem is that sorting and saving this plan is a challenge, and it is difficult for people to update their fire plans. As a result, only half of the buildings needed have a fire plan, and from them, only about the latest 10 percent. This problem has been solved through the introduction of digital fire plans. This fire plan is stored in a database and can be accessed wirelessly on the site by firefighters and it is much easier to update the owner of the building.
See also
References
External links
- Code Code Fire Code Code International Code
- Infographics Safety Security Risk Analysis
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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