The dependent clause is a clause that provides sentence elements with additional information, but can not stand alone as a sentence. The dependent clause may modify adjacent clauses or function as independent clause components. Some grammarians use the term subordinate clause as a synonym for dependent clauses. Others use subordinate clauses to refer only to the adverbial dependent clause.
Various types of dependent clauses include content clauses (noun clauses), relative clauses (adjectives), and adverbial clauses.
Video Dependent clause
Kata dependen
In the Indo-European language, the dependent clause usually begins with a dependent word. One kind of dependent word is a subordinate conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions are used to start a dependent clause known as an adverbial clause, which functions as an adverb. In the following example, the adverbial clause is in bold and the subordinate conjunctions are in italics:
- Wherever he goes , he leaves the luggage.
- (Adverbial clause wherever he goes modifying the verb leaf .)
- Bob enjoys more movies than I do .
- (Adverbial clause than i modify adverb more .)
Subordinate conjunctions may also introduce a noun clause:
- I know that he likes me .
- (The noun clause that he likes me serves as the main verb object know object.
Another type of dependent word is the relative pronoun. The relative pronoun starts a dependent clause known as a relative clause; this is an adjective clause, because they modify the noun. In the following example, the clause is relatively thick and the pronoun is relatively in italics:
- The only one of seven dwarfs who has no beard is Dopey.
- (The clause does not have a beard describes the pronoun one .)
Adverb relative plays an adverbial role in relative clauses, as in
- That's the reason why why I'm coming .
- (Relative clause why I came depicted the noun reason , and in relative adverb clause why modify the verb coming .)
- That is where where he lives .
- (Relative clause where he lives describes the noun place , and in relative adverb clause where modifies the verb live .)
The question word can serve as an adverb in the noun clause, as in
- No one understands why you need experience .
- (Noun clause why You need experience to act as a direct object of the main verb-clause "understand", and in the noun clause why serves as an adverb that modifies need .)
Maps Dependent clause
Content clause
The content clause, also known as the "noun clause", gives the content implied or commented on by the main clause. It can be a subject, a nominative predicate, a direct object, an appositive, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. Some English words that introduce the content clause are that, (and outdated who ), anyone (and outdated anyone i>), what, why, what, how, when , and where . Note that some of these words also introduce relative and adverbial clauses. The clause is a content clause if the pronoun (he, she, or them) can be replaced for it. Follow the example below:
Example:
- I know who said it . (I know them.The dependent clause serves as the main verb object-the "know" clause.)
- Whoever made the statement is incorrect. (They're wrong.The dependent clause serves as the subject of the main clause.)
In English, in some cases, subordinates are can be omitted.
Example 1:
- I know that he is here.
- I know he's here .
Example 2:
- I think is pretty . (less common)
- I think is pretty . (more common)
Relative (adjective) clause
In the Indo-European language, relative clauses, also called adjective clauses or adjective clauses, meet three requirements:
- Like all dependent clauses, it contains a verb (as well as a subject except it is a non-limited dependent clause). However, in the subject's pro-drop language it may be a zero pronoun: the pronoun may not be explicitly included because its identity is conveyed by verbal inflection.
- It begins with a relative description where where, where or why in English] or a relative pronoun [ who, who, whichever is or are in English]. However, the English pronoun can be dismissed and implied only if it plays the role of verb object or object of the preposition word in a limiting clause; for example, He is the boy I see the equivalent of He is the boy I see , and I see the boy you are talking about the equivalent of the more formal I see the boy you talk to .
- Relative clauses serve as an adjective, answering questions like "what kind?", "how many?" or "which one?"
The adjective clause in English will follow one of these patterns:
- Relative Pronoun [Works as Object of Verb] Subject Verb
- These are the balls that are bouncing.
- Relative Adverb Subject Verb (probably Verb Object)
- It is home where I grew up.
- That is the house where I met her.
- Relative Pronoun [Works as Subject] Verb (probably Verb Object)
- It was a person who who hiccup.
- It was the person who saw me .
- Relative Pronoun [Functions as a Preposition Object] Subject Verbs (possibly Verb Objects) Prepositions
- It is the person who (m) I am talking about.
- That is the person who (m) I am sharing with you.
- Relative Pronoun Preposition [Functions as a Preposition Object] Subject Verb (probably Verb Object)
- That is the person about who I am talking about.
- That is the person about who I am telling you.
- Relative Pronoun Noun [Serves as Subject] Verb (probably Verb Object)
- That's the big
brown eyes pleading for another cake. - It is a big dog big brown eyes begging me for another cookie.
- Relative Pronoun Noun [Works as a Verb Object] Verb Subject
- It was the who car person I saw.
For a discussion of adjective clauses in languages ​​other than English, see Relative Clause # Example.
punctuation
English punctuation
The punctuation of the adjective clause depends on whether it is important (restrictive) or unimportant (not limiting) and uses appropriate coma. The essential clause does not depart with a comma; a nonessential clause is. The adjective clause is essential if the information it contains is necessary for the meaning of the sentence:
- Vegetables that people often leave are usually the most nutritious.
The word "vegetable" is not specific. Therefore, in order for the reader to know what is being mentioned, one must have the information provided in the adjective clause (in italics). Because it limits the meaning of "vegetables", the adjective clause is called a restrictive clause. Very important for the meaning of the main clause and not using a comma (so as not to pause when talking).
However, if additional information does not help to identify the narrower identities of the preceding noun but merely provides more information about it, the adjective clause is not restrictive and so requires a comma (or oral pause) to separate it from the rest of the sentence:
- Broccoli, frequented by un-eaten people , is highly nutritious.
Depending on the context, a particular noun may be modified by a restrictive or non-restrictive clause clause. For example, while "broccoli" is modified non-obstructively in the preceding sentence, it is modified as follows.
- Broccoli which ( or it) people are not eaten is often nutritious.
Adverbial clause
"She saw Mary when she was in New York " and "They studied hard because they had tests " both of which contain adverbial clauses (in italics). Adverbial clauses reveal when, why, where, opposition , and conditions , and, like all dependent clauses, they can not stand alone. For example, When he/she is in New York is not a complete sentence; need to be resolved by an independent clause, as in:
- He went to the Guggenheim Museum while he was in New York.
or in other words
- When he was in New York , he went to the Guggenheim Museum.
The dependent clause and sentence structure
The complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus (one or more) dependent clauses is referred to as complex-compound sentence . (Each clause contains a subject and a predicate). Here are some examples of English:
My sister was crying because she was scraping her knees. (complex sentences)
- Subject: My sister, she
- Predicate: cry, scrape his knees
- Subordinate relations: because
When they told me (that) I won the contest , I cried, but I did not faint. (Complex compound sentence)
- Subject: them, me, me, me
- Predicate: tell me, win a contest, cry, not faint
- Subordinating conjunctions: when, that (implied or understood)
- Coordinate coordinates: but
This sentence contains two dependent clauses: "When they say to me", and "(that) I win the contest", the last one that serves as a verb object "told." The connecting word "that," if not explicitly included, is understood implicitly precedes "I win" and in both cases serves as a subordinate conjunction. This sentence also includes two independent clauses, "I am crying" and "I do not pass out," linked by coordinate coordinates "but." The first dependent clause, together with its object (second dependent clause), adverbially modifies the verbs of the two main clauses.
Non-restricted dependency clause
The dependent clause may be headed by an infinitive, gerund, or other non-finite verb form, which in linguistics is called deranked . Example:
- Sit upright while singing.
In this case, the subject of the dependent clause can take a non-nominative form. The example is:
- I want her to disappear.
See also
- The clause
- Independent clause
- Relative clause
- Conditional clause
- The dependent statement
- relative pronouns
- Combination of grammar
- Sentences
- Compound sentence
- Simple sentence
- Subjective mood
References
- Rozakis, Laurie (2003). Full Idiot Guide to Grammar and Style pp. 153-159 . Alpha. ISBN: 1-59257-115-8.
External links
- Owl Online Paper Lab Archive: Independent and Interdependent Clauses
- Complex Sentence: Subordinate Clause as Adverb Clause
- High School AIMS Sample Test and Think-Through
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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